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The Neolithic Revolution Begins.  (10,000 BCE)

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The Neolithic Revolution Begins.  (10,000 BCE)

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The Neolithic Revolution, starting around 10,000 BCE, was a pivotal change when humans shifted from hunting and gathering to farming and domesticating animals. This transformation allowed for permanent settlements, increased food production, and the foundation of early civilizations.

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The first wheel was invented around 3500 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia. It was initially used for pottery, but later became an important part of transportation when it was adapted for carts and chariots.

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Gunpowder was invented in the 9th century in China, where it was initially used for medicinal purposes before its potential as a military explosive was realized. This mixture of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur revolutionized warfare, leading to the development of cannons, bombs, and firearms that changed the dynamics of combat throughout history.

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The printing press, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, revolutionized the dissemination of information by enabling the mass production of books and written materials. This groundbreaking invention dramatically increased literacy rates and the accessibility of knowledge, fostering significant cultural and intellectual movements like the Renaissance and the Reformation.

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas (1492)

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas (1492)

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In 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail westward from Spain, seeking a new route to Asia, but instead landed in the Caribbean, leading to the European "discovery" of the Americas. His voyages initiated an era of exploration, colonization, and profound cultural exchanges that reshaped the world, especially affecting the indigenous populations of the Americas.

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas (1492)

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The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther, a German monk, posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church. This movement led to the creation of new Christian denominations and changed the religious and political landscape of Europe.

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The Council of Trent began in 1545 and ended in 1563 as a series of meetings held by the Catholic Church to respond to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified church teachings, reformed practices, and strengthened the Catholic Church’s role in Europe.

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The steam engine, invented in the late 17th century and improved in the 18th century, was a groundbreaking technology that converted steam power into mechanical energy, revolutionizing various industries. Its application in locomotives and factories greatly enhanced productivity and efficiency, playing a crucial role in driving the Industrial Revolution and transforming transportation and manufacturing.

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The British Agricultural Revolution (1730s)

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The British Agricultural Revolution (1730s)

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The British Agricultural Revolution, which began in the mid-18th century, marked a significant shift in farming methods, including the adoption of crop rotation, the enclosure of common lands, and advancements in agricultural technology. These innovations resulted in higher crop yields and improved livestock, laying the foundation for increased food supply and facilitating the Industrial Revolution.

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The Industrial Revolution, starting in the late 18th century and continuing into the 19th century, was a pivotal period that transitioned economies from agriculture-based systems to industrialized manufacturing. This era was marked by significant technological innovations, such as the steam engine and textile machinery, which greatly increased productivity, led to the rise of factories, and prompted profound social and economic changes.

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The American Revolution (1775–1783) was a revolutionary conflict in which the thirteen colonies sought independence from British rule, fueled by discontent over taxation, lack of representation, and colonial governance. This struggle ultimately led to the successful establishment of the United States, marking a significant shift towards democratic ideals and self-governance.

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The French Revolution (1789–1799) marked a dramatic shift in France’s political landscape, as citizens rose against the monarchy, fueled by demands for equality and democratic rights. This revolution led to the establishment of the First French Republic, the execution of King Louis XVI, and a series of radical changes that inspired revolutionary movements across the globe.

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The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a landmark uprising in which enslaved people in the French colony of Saint-Domingue successfully fought for their freedom, leading to the abolition of slavery. This revolution culminated in Haiti's declaration of independence in 1804, making it the first independent Black-led nation in the world and a symbol of hope for oppressed people globally.

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The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It was designed to make the process of separating cotton fibers from seeds faster and more efficient. The invention greatly increased cotton production in the United States and played a major role in the growth of slavery in the South.

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Internal combustion engine invented (1853)

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Internal combustion engine invented (1853)

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The internal combustion engine, developed in the late 19th century, functions by igniting a fuel-air mixture within a cylinder, generating explosive force that drives pistons and produces mechanical energy. This technology revolutionized transportation by powering automobiles, motorcycles, and airplanes, significantly impacting modern society and the global economy.

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Internal combustion engine invented (1853)

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) (1884)

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) (1884)

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The Maxim gun, developed by Hiram Maxim in 1884, was the first true automatic machine gun, capable of firing hundreds of rounds per minute with minimal manual operation. This groundbreaking invention transformed warfare by delivering devastating firepower on the battlefield, significantly altering military tactics and strategies in conflicts such as the colonial wars and World War I.

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) (1884)

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The first Airplane was invented (Wright brothers) (1903)

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The first Airplane was invented (Wright brothers) (1903)

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The first airplane was invented by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, in 1903. They successfully flew their plane, the Wright Flyer, on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This marked the beginning of powered flight, changing the way people traveled and shaping the future of aviation.

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The first Airplane was invented (Wright brothers) (1903)

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Plastic was invented in the early 20th century, with the first synthetic plastic, Bakelite, developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907. Its unique properties, such as durability, flexibility, and resistance to heat, quickly made plastic a popular material for a wide range of applications, revolutionizing industries from packaging to manufacturing.

4o mini

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The Chinese Revolution of 1911, or the Xinhai Revolution, was a significant movement that resulted in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the end of more than two millennia of imperial rule in China. This revolution led to the establishment of the Republic of China, setting the stage for modernization and political reform in the nation.

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The Battle of the Somme began on July 1, 1916, during World War I and was fought between British, French, and German forces. It was one of the bloodiest battles in history, lasting over four months and causing millions of casualties.

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The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a significant turning point in history, consisting of two key events: the February Revolution, which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and established a provisional government, and the October Revolution, where the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power. This revolution dismantled centuries of imperial rule, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union and inspiring communist movements worldwide.

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An atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

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An atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

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An atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945, during World War II. This was the second atomic bomb used in war, and it caused massive destruction, leading to Japan’s surrender shortly after.

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An atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (1945)

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The Cuban Revolution, occurring between 1953 and 1959, was a pivotal conflict in which Fidel Castro and his guerrilla forces fought to overthrow the repressive regime of Fulgencio Batista. The successful revolution led to the establishment of a socialist government in Cuba, significantly changing the nation’s political landscape and its relations with the United States.

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The Green Revolution, which began in the 1940s and continued into the late 20th century, was a significant agricultural movement that introduced high-yielding varieties of staple crops, advanced irrigation techniques, and the widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These innovations dramatically increased food production, particularly in developing countries, helping to alleviate hunger and transform agricultural practices worldwide.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon (1969)

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon (1969)

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On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong made history as the first human to step onto the moon during NASA's Apollo 11 mission, uttering the iconic words, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." This landmark event marked a significant milestone in space exploration and showcased the remarkable achievements of science and technology in the 20th century.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon (1969)

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) (1976)

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) (1976)

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The Syrian Civil War has its roots in the 1980s, when an Islamist uprising began against the Ba'athist regime, driven by widespread grievances over political repression and economic struggles. This conflict escalated dramatically during the Hama Massacre in 1982, where the government brutally suppressed dissent, laying the groundwork for the larger civil war that erupted in 2011 amidst the Arab Spring protests.

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The Digital Revolution began in the late 20th century, representing a major transition from analog technologies to digital technologies, which fundamentally changed the way information is created, stored, and shared. This era was characterized by the widespread adoption of personal computers, the internet, and mobile devices, leading to significant advancements in communication, entertainment, and global commerce.

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The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist working at CERN. It was made to help people share information more easily over the internet, and it became the foundation for the websites we use today.

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Facebook launched on February 4, 2004, and was created by Mark Zuckerberg and his college roommates at Harvard University. At first, it was only for Harvard students, but it soon expanded to other schools and eventually became available to everyone.

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Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt (2018)

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Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt (2018)

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Cambridge Analytica went bankrupt in May 2018 after facing a huge scandal for improperly using Facebook data from millions of users. The company shut down because of the backlash and loss of trust from the public.

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Cambridge Analytica goes bankrupt (2018)