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juxtaposition

iconography

—> symbols & images to convey themes & ideas

symbolism

semiotics

—> study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior

chiaroscuro

—> use of strong contrast between light and dark to create dramatic effect

narrative structure

—> how visual text arranges and sequences elements tell a story/present an argument

rhetorical appeals

—> ethos (persuade through credibility), pathos (emotion), logos (logic), kairos (right moment to deliver message/take action)

emotive language

—> words and images to evoke emotions

intertextuality

—> relationship between visual text and other text or cultural references

subtext

—> underlying meaning or message not immediately apparent in surface narrative

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HOOK:

engaging opening sentence

capture reader’s attention

overview of general idea of text

CONTEXT:

target audience

production

purpose

kairos

THESIS STATEMENT:

main point of essay

outline general techniques used

—> connect to effects/purpose of text

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infographics

cartoons

comics

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in the context of

with the purpose of

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Film Techniques

Camera view, angle, movement, shot

• Aerial shot

• Bird's eye shot

• Close up

• Crane shot

• Dolly zoom

• Dutch angle

• Establishing shot

• "Evangelion" shot

• Follow shot

• Forced perspective

• Freeze frame shot

• Full shot

• Head-on shot

• High-angle shot

• Long shot

• Long take

• Low-angle shot

• Master shot

• Matte

• Medium shot

• Pan shot

• Point of view shot

• Reaction shot

• Sequence shot

• Shot

• Shot reverse shot

• Talking head

• Tracking shot

• Trunk shot

• Two Shot

• Video frame

• Whip pan

Lighting technique and aesthetics

• Background lighting

• Cameo lighting

• Fill light

• Flood lighting

• High-key lighting

• Key lighting

• Lens flare

• Low-key lighting

• Mood lighting

• Pool hall lighting

• Rembrandt lighting

• Stage lighting

• Soft light

Editing and transitional devices

• Cross cutting

• Cutaway

• Cut in

• Dissolve

• Establishing shot

• Flashback

• Montage

• Point of view shot

• Split screen

• Talking head

• Wipe

• Clock wipe

• Heart wipe

• Matrix wipe

• Star wipe

Special effects (FX)

• 3-D film for movie history

• 3-D computer graphics

• Bluescreen/Chroma key

• Bullet time

• Computer-generated imagery  (CGI)

• Special effects

• Stop trick

• Stop motion

Lighting

• Costume

• Use of motif, and associated meaning;

• Use of color, and its emotional response; and

• Props

Diegetic sound:

• Voices of characters;

• Sounds made by objects in the story; and

• Music, represented as coming from instruments in the story space.

• Music coming from reproduction devices such as record players, radios, tape players etc.

Non-diegetic sound:

• Narrator's commentary;

• Voice of God;

• Sound effect which is added for dramatic effect;

• Mood music; and

• Film Score

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P = POINT

In the visual advertisement for a climate change campaign, the use of a polar bear stranded on a shrinking ice floe evokes a strong emotional appeal, persuading viewers to take action against global warming.

E = EVIDENCE

—> The image of the bear, surrounded by dark, rising waters, symbolizes the immediate threat posed by climate change to vulnerable wildlife.

A = ANALYSIS

—> The stark contrast between the white bear and the dark, flooded background amplifies the urgency of the situation, making the viewer feel a sense of helplessness.

L = LINK TO GUIDANCE QUESTION

—> This visual strategy links directly to the broader issue of climate change, reinforcing the message that human actions are endangering ecosystems.

R = RELEVANCE

—> The ad is aimed at environmentally aware individuals, as well as those who may not fully grasp the crisis, using emotional imagery to spark both empathy and a sense of responsibility.

A = AUDIENCE

—> The ad targets individuals who are concerned about the environment but also those who may be unaware of the full impact of climate change, aiming to connect emotionally with both groups.

W = WRITER’S INTENTION/CHOICE

—> The writer’s intention is clear: to motivate the audience to support efforts to combat climate change by presenting an alarming and relatable consequence of inaction.

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https://www.clastify.com/blog/english-a-lit-paper-1-format-and-structure

https://www.revisiondojo.com/blog/how-to-write-a-good-essay-for-ib-english-literature

https://dougslangandlit.blog/category/paper-1-analysis/page/2/

https://youngscholarz.com/how-to-write-an-ib-media-analysis-essay/

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IBDP Language and Literature - Essay Structure (Paper 1)

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Essay structure is crucial and it is considered as the backbone of your paper. Want to know how, read this article.

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culmination

connotes & denotes (literal meaning)

establishes

challenges (pre-conceived notions)

argues

contradicts

references

perpetuates

indoctrinates

evokes a sense of

the deliberate use of … underscores

conveys the idea that

employs … techniques such as …

invites the audience to reconsider

preconceptions

the interplay between … and …

creates a compelling visual narrative by …

integration of

these … choices reflect

consequently, one can infer that …

such language connotes …

this is indicative of …

shows that it is imperative to …

furthermore, the use of … serves to

in addition, the recurring motif of … underscores

the deliberate use of … emphasizes

moreover, the intertextual references further illustrate …

an examination of … reveals that

in the context of … this reflects …

ultimately, this supports the notion that …

thus, the text not only reflects but also reinforces …

upon closer inspection, one can discern

not only denotes … but further connotes …

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Introducing Analysis

• “At first glance, the text appears to…”

• “Upon closer inspection, one can discern…”

• “A preliminary reading suggests…”

• “The initial presentation of [element] invites the reader to…”

Deepening Analysis

• “A deeper analysis reveals that…”

• “This is further compounded by the recurring use of…”

• “The sustained focus on [technique/element] implies…”

• “This deliberate choice of language/imagery not only highlights… but also suggests…”

Examining Language and Style

• “The writer’s diction is particularly striking, as it…”

• “The connotations of [word/phrase] serve to…”

• “The employment of figurative language, such as [metaphor/simile], reinforces…”

• “The nuanced tone created by the writer underscores…”

Discussing Structure and Technique

• “The juxtaposition of [element A] and [element B] creates a tension that…”

• “The strategic placement of [symbol/imagery] within the text serves as a pivot for…”

• “Through its narrative structure, the text mirrors the complexity of…”

• “The interplay between form and content is evident in…”

Contextualizing and Linking Ideas

• “In the broader context of [historical/cultural background], this signifies…”

• “This moment can be seen as emblematic of a wider trend in…”

• “By drawing on intertextual references, the writer links the personal to the universal by…”

• “This technique connects with the overarching theme of…”

Concluding Analysis

• “Ultimately, the text not only reflects but also challenges…”

• “This layered approach suggests that…”

• “In summary, the integration of [technique/element] underscores…”

• “Therefore, it is clear that the writer intends to…”

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this cause-and-effect relationship within the narrative persuades