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All three of the Punic wars ended in Rome winning, but the last and third one declared Rome as a true victor. This is due to their sacking, slaughtering, and setting a fire of Carthage. This proved that they had the courage to take anything they wanted and they did once they achieved ruling over Carthage.

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Julius Caesar claimed his throne by throwing Rome into a dictatorship. This affected many things for the Roman people, but who cares when you have the nice, helpful, somewhat fair governing body that is Julius Caesar? Well the Roman senators certainly did after what they did.

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If you think you have back stabbing friends then consider the fact that the people closest to Julius Caesar stabbed him in the back 23 times. His assassination (carried out by Roman senators) on March 15th 44 BCE, and had tremendous affects on the Roman Empires fall. it also created great debates on who was to be the next to serve in this honorable position.

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This was a period of peace and calmness for the empire and was brought on when Caesar became the ruler. They had tons of land and people to go with it. This came to an end though when the Germanic and the Mongols started invading, and since they had so much land it was hard to control what happened to it at certain points.

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The Western empire was thriving until it wasn't. It was over come by disease and invaders. These invaders were Germanic tribes (they just kinda hopped around). Their attack was super effective because Rome had way to much land to handle therefore they fell behind on maintaining their borders or just making sure they weren't attacked.

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Justinian helped make codified Roman laws into a better system. This preserved the laws while still letting them be useful, but also helping them to be organized and made sensible. He revolutionized law in the empire and stands in history as a very important figure.

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The Islamic religion split after the death of their original leader Muhammad. It was split into the Sunnis and the Shi'as. The Sunnis believed that anybody with good morals in the Muslim church could become the next Caliph while the shi'as believed that the next Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad.

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Three expansions of the Islamic Empires 

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The first expansion was under Muhammad. The second expansion was under Rashidun Caliphate. The third and final expansion was under Umayyad Caliphate

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Muslim armies defeated at the Battle of Tours

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This was a very important war that was essential to how countries look today. This is shown in the fact that France exists as its own country. If they had lost the battle of tours they would have become part of the Islamic empire erasing France as a whole.

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Ghana formed along the Niger river and was know as the land of gold. They were also home to the best trade goods in the Saharan salt, and gold. Due to this they were very trade oriented.

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The Great Schism - Divide of Christianity 

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During the Great Schism Christianity split into Eastern and western Christianity. Eastern Christianity was centered in Constantinople and spoke the Greek language, plus the emperor has full authority. The Western church was centered in Rome and spoke Latin, plus the Pope has all the authority.

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Mali formed along the Niger River and was home to the richest man ever Mana Musa. He made them a very rich kingdom with in the land. They also elevated Timbuktu to the trading capital that it was.

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Baghdad was surrounded by the Mongols being held by the grandson of Genghis Khan. During this they advanced through Baghdad and while doing so demanded that they surrender. In the end they surrendered and Baghdad became a part of Mongolian control.

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Mansa Musa was the richest man that the world has ever seen. He lived in the African Kingdom Mali and brought a lot of wealth to them as their emperor. Before this he traveled and gave money to many other places often breaking their economy by doing so.

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Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks 55 days after they surrounded. This occured after various other attacks being made on Constantinople. After the Ottoman Turks claimed the territory it was renamed to Istanbul and it remains to be Istanbul to this day.

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Songhai formed along the Niger river and had many interesting architectural designs. They were know for two of their rulers Ali and Askia Muhammad. They were later taken over by the Moroccans.