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Abigail Adams by Gilbert Stuart, 1800--15

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Served From March 4, 1797 to March 4, 1801

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Served From March 4, 1797 to March 4, 1801

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Three Facts:

1. She was known as an advocate for women's rights, particularly the right to an education, and she favored the abolition of slavery.

2. Born November 22, 1744 - Died October 24, 1818

3. She was the wife of John Adams, the second president of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States.

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Word - Intelligent

Definition: Having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level.

Explanation: Abigail was known for her intellect and strong opinions.

Word - Advocate

Definition: A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.

Explanation: She was a passionate advocate for women's rights and education.

Word - Resilient

Definition: Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.

Explanation: Her ability to persevere through the difficulties within her life reflects the resilience and strength of her character.

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Served From March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945

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Served From March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945

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Three Facts:

1. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American political figure, diplomat, and activist.

2. She was the longest-serving first lady of the United States, during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms as president from 1933 to 1945.

3. She was born on October 11, 1884, and died on November 7, 1962.

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1. Eleanor Roosevelt was resilient and compassionate. She was deeply committed to helping the underprivileged, demonstrating strong integrity, as well as being proper, organized, and reliable.

2. Eleanor was one of the main factors behind the inclusion of women and minorities in the New Deal programs, fought for the appointment of women to significant government positions, and advocated for civil rights and social justice. She also played a critical role in drafting and securing the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as chair of the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and she advocated for world peace and women's involvement in international affairs.

3. Eleanor Roosevelt served as Franklin's "eyes, ears, and legs," traveling extensively to observe and report on relief projects and living conditions across the country. She provided the president with objective information and insight that influenced political decisions.

4. Eleanor Roosevelt was a powerful agent of social change by publicly opposing racial discrimination. A notable example is her resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution when they refused to allow African American singer Marian Anderson to perform at Constitution Hall. Roosevelt then helped arrange for Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial, turning the event into a national symbol of civil rights advocacy in front of 75,000 people.

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Served from January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963

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Served from January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963

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Three Facts

1. Fluent in French, Jacqueline used her language skills to communicate with foreign dignitaries. Her influence helped strengthen diplomatic relations.

2. She was married to John F. Kennedy, and her tenure lasted about 1,000 days.

3. She became a fashion icon as her elegant outfits and signature pillbox hats influenced fashion trends and continue to inspire designers today.

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1. She set style trends and transformed how first ladies were perceived. Her elegant clothing choices helped modernize the image of the First Lady, making it more relatable and influential.

2. She was more visibly engaged with the public than many of her predecessors. She used television and media effectively to communicate her initiatives, such as the White House restoration, making the First Lady's role more prominent in American society.

3. She acknowledged the importance of arts and culture, restoring the White House, and hosting events that showcased American art and history, elevating the cultural significance of the First Lady's role.

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Clip 1: Kennedy complained that the White House felt more like a museum than a home. She was disappointed by its lack of warmth and personal touches.

Clip 2: According to James Wagner, Kennedy played multiple roles in the restoration of the White House. She was an advocate for preserving its historical significance, actively involved in the planning and decision-making processes, and worked closely with experts to ensure the restoration reflected the nation's history and culture.

Clip 3: Kennedy agreed to "be part of the broadcast" to showcase the restored White House and to share its history with the American public.

Clip 4: The broadcast was extremely popular, with millions of viewers tuning in. It garnered significant attention and was one of the first major televised events featuring a First Lady.

Clip 5: Kennedy was deeply committed to the restoration of the White House. She dedicated her time and efforts to ensure that the restoration reflected American history and culture.

Clip 6: After Kennedy, "every First Lady" took on the role of preserving the White House or its history. This was largely due to Kennedy's influence, as her efforts set a precedent for future First Ladies to engage in similar activities.

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Served from November 22, 1963, to January 20, 1969

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Served from November 22, 1963, to January 20, 1969

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Three Facts:

1. She was a strong advocate for environmental conservation and beautification. She launched the "Highway Beautification Act" in 1965, which aimed to reduce roadside litter and enhance the natural beauty of highways.

2. She was the First Lady to hold regular press conferences, using this platform to address the issue related to her initiatives and to promote her vision in America.

3. Lady Bird Johnson was born in Karnack, Texas, on December 22, 1912. She passed away in Austin, Texas, on July 11, 2007.

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1. Lady Bird Johnson's main motivation for her commitment to beautification and the environment was her belief that a beautiful landscape enhances the quality of life and promotes public well-being. She was the potential for nature to uplift communities and improve mental health.

2. Lady Bird Johnson's childhood experiences in the Texas countryside planted in her a deep appreciation for nature. Growing up surrounded by the beauty of wildflowers and natural landscapes shaped her understanding of the importance of preserving and enhancing the environment.

3. An important event that impacted her role as First Lady was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963. This tragedy thrust her into a more active public role, motivating her to champion social and environmental causes and significantly influencing her initiatives, such as the Highway Beautification Act.

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Served from January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981

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Served from January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981

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Three Facts:

1. She was a strong advocate for mental health awareness and helped to establish the Carter Center's Mental Health Program.

2. She redefined the role of First Lady by actively participating in her husband's campaign and presidency, focusing on issues such as mental health and women's rights.

3. Rosalyn and Jimmy Carter have been married since July 7, 1946, making their relationship the longest in presidential history.

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(1) Mental Health: Rosalyn Carter's advocacy for mental health awareness has had a lasting impact, helping to improve access to care and help.

(2) Human Rights: Her commitment to human rights, mostly women's rights, has contributed to broader discussions on equality and justice, influencing policies and attitudes both in the U.S. and internationally.

(3) Elder Care: By focusing on elder care, she highlighted the importance of supporting the aging population, advocating for better resources and policies that improve the quality of life for seniors, which is becoming more relevant as populations age.

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Served from January 20, 1989 to January 20, 1993

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Served from January 20, 1989 to January 20, 1993

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Three Facts:

1. Barbara Bush was a strong advocate for literacy and founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy in 1989.

2. Known for her signature pearls and short, silver hair, she maintained a distinctive and approachable style that endeared her to many.

3. She was the mother of six children, including George W. Bush, who later because the 43rd President of the United States.

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1. Mrs. Bush emphasized the choices of education, family, and community involvement, encouraging graduates to follow their own paths.

2. Her speech showcases values of compassion and commitment to literacy. She believed in the power of education and the importance of giving back to society.

3. Her speech addresses the evolving expectations of women, advocating for their active participation in both family and professional life.

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1. Barbara Bush's initiative was to promote literacy. She wanted to ensure that every child had an opportunity to learn how to read and write, stating that it is important that they have a foundation for success.

2. She founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy, and she advocated for the National Literacy Act of 1991.

3. Yes, I think it is an initiative worthy of taking in 1990 because it set the foundation for future generations to have a better education in literacy.

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Served from January 20, 1993, to January 20, 2001

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Served from January 20, 1993, to January 20, 2001

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Three Facts:

1. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1973, where she met Bill Clinton.

2. She served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, becoming the first First Lady to hold elected office.

3. Hillary Clinton ran for president in 2009 and 2016, becoming the first woman to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party in 2016.

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1. The main reason for Hillary Clinton's speech is that women should matter just as much as anyone else.

2. Some examples of oppression, Hillary states, are that women aren't equal in the workforce and receive significantly lower pay than men do.

3. Hillary's speech seemed historic at that time because she spoke about issues that have been fought over for decades.

4. Hillary means that women are equal to men in every way, so there is no reason for sexist discrimination and stereotypes about women.