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Summarize here for your classmates

(causes, who is involved, major events, status right now)

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Mexico is experiencing a severe crisis of kidnappings and other violent crimes, resulting in over thirty thousand deaths annually since 2018. Gang and drug cartel violence, along with state human rights violations, heavily affect civilians, pushing many to migrate to the U. S. The struggle with organized crime has a long history, with increasing violence after government declarations of war on cartels.
Summary
• Criminal groups became organized in the 1980s, leading to territory disputes and violence.
• Former President Calderon declared war on cartels in 2006, shifting strategies over the years.
• President AMLO has faced criticism for continuing militarized policing without effectively reducing violence.
• Recent developments show cartels expanding control, while AMLO's successor plans to invest in social programs.

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As of today, Al-Shabaab remains one of Al-Qaeda's most substantial and accomplished assets. The terrorist organization continues to take advantage of the Somalian government's limited state capacity and urgent humanitarian crises to launch indiscriminate attacks on peacekeepers, government forces, and civilians. Their goals include are to destroy the Federal Gov. of Somalia, rid the country of foreign assets, and establish Somalia underneath strict Islamic rule. The United Nations and ATMIS (African Union Transitional Mission to Somalia) have been involved over the years to combat Al-Shabaab. Still, the organization has proven itself to be resilient and poses a significant threat to the stability of Somalia and the rest of the region.

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Taiwan conflicts with China The ROC government began exercising jurisdiction over Taiwan in 1945 after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II. China believes Taiwan is chinas and

China has been harassing Taiwan's airspace as well as launching cyber attacks and many other things

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Ethiopia conflict started when the government went after the TPLF back in 2020. Now there's a lot of fighting and its causing a huge humanitarian crisis with tons of people displace and in need of help. Plus, Eritrea is getting involved which is not going to end well. Between 2020 and 2022, Ethiopia experienced a devastating war in its Tigray region. This conflict, is one of the deadliest in recent history due to alleged war crimes and human rights abuses. Although the war officially ended in 2022, Tigray suffered extensive damage. Recent events in Tigry have brung fear of renewed civil war. In August 2024, the TPLF expelled Getachew Reda, a Tigratab official, from its congress.

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The Myanmar civil war is currently between 3 coalition groups that are against the military junta in charge of the government. It started when the 3 coalition groups used drones to attack the junta. This conflict goes back to 1948 when Myanmar gained independence from the British. Since then, the government has struggled to handle the multi-ethnic country. The military has held control of the country for a long time, which has led to many conflicts regarding the expulsion and killing of the Rohingya, who are Muslim and not considered citizens by the government and Buddist nationalists in the country. Major events include 2017 when Rohingya militants attacked military and police outposts, killing 70 people and launching a brutal crackdown on Rohingya villages leading over 700,000 people to flee. In March 2016, a real election was held for the first time, but in February 2021, a coup was held and put the military back in power. Now, people are protesting the coup and more than 600 people have died since then. The Rohingya are also on constant alert, as they are considered a threat to the military.

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Summary- Instability in Pakistan:

Since 1947, Pakistan has faced political unrest from corruption, power struggles, and military coups, with no prime minister completing a full term. The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), formed in 2007, continues to threaten political stability by attacking security forces and aiming to enforce Sharia law. The military launched the Zarb-e-Azb Offensive in 2014 to combat the TTP, yet violence continues, including the Army Public School attack. Sooner or later, Imran Khan became Prime Minister in 2018, raising TTP violence. After the TTP leader’s death, attacks increased. The group's strength grew with the Taliban's return in 2021. Recent violence has led to military offensives, but financial issues complicate the response. Khan's disqualification and Pakistan's economic troubles add to the country's challenges, leaving its political and security situations unstable.

Carlos Zamora

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1/5 of Turkey's population identifies with the Kurdish ethnic group. 30 million Kurds live across the Middle East. The Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK) is a group in Turkey that aims to create an independent Kurdish state. The PKK and Turkish government have been in conflict over this issue for years. Multiple ceasefires have been agreed upon, but all were eventually broken. The PKK is allied with other Kurdish groups in the Middle East, like in Syria and Iraq, making the possibility of a successful secessionist movement a looming reality for governments. The Turkish government has targeted Kurdish groups in and outside of Turkish borders. over six thousand have died in this conflict since 2015.

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Roma discrimination in Slovakia includes segregation, prevention from citizenship, and poor neighborhoods. There has also been recent proposed bills to prevent trans people from legally changing their gender. There are targets after women as well, such as attempts to ban abortion.

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The Korean War, which started in the early 50s, is technically still ongoing. North and South Korea still have high tensions and millions of troops are stationed at their border. The Demilitarized Zone between the two nations is one of the most heavily armed borders in the world. North Korea violated the UN security council resolutions and built up a nuclear arsenal.

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In the third year of civil war, Sudan is still in a power struggle. Many citizens have been displaced and fled to Chad or neighboring countries into overflowing refugee camps. In 2024 the SAF launched a coordinated offensive and took territory from RSF. Fighting has picked up in the beginning of 2025 at Khartoum state and the SAF is gaining more key territories surrounding the capital.

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M23 in the Congo

In 2023, open conflict between Congolese security forces and militia groups led by M23 escalated rapidly, which led to the capture of Goma, the eastern region hub in the DRC. M23 is a Rwandan-supported militia. Much of this conflict has its roots in the Rwandan genocide and the First Congo War, in which many Tutsi refugees fled into the Congo and brought much of the Rwandan conflict onto the eastern parts of the DRC. This culminated in an offensive by the now Tusti-led Rwandan government into the DRC with the help of other African powers like Angola to dispose of Mobutu Sese Seko. This started a chain of wars and conflict in the DRC's east, which has still lasted to this day with the M23 militia group's actions against the Congolese security forces.