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The land of the “Quinnehtukut” is considered to be the original site or also known as “ground zero,” for Indigenous Genocide in 1637. Capt. John Mason and his militia launched a surprise attack on a Pequot village in Miissituk, also known as Mystic.  This war was considered unprecedented because most of the deaths came from women, children, and elders. The objective of the invasion was not for land, trading rights, or religious freedom. It was for the extermination of the indigenous. This invasion is popularly known as the Mystic massacre and is known as the “10 days that unexpectedly changed America” because it forced a shift away from diplomatic relations with indigenous people.

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On May 26th, 1637. The Puritans from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Mohegan, and the Narragansett warriors launched a surprise attack on a Pequot village near the Mystic River in Connecticut. The suprise attack began early in the morning, after a march through the Pequot territory. This was led by John Mason and Capt. John Underhill. The Puritan forces were divided into separate groups and attacked through the village entrances. Despite immediate resistance from the Pequots, women and children stayed in their homes hiding instead of fighting. The attack resulted in many Pequot deaths. This marked a brutal chapter in history between the Pequot and Puritan settlers.

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After the Massacre at Mystic, only a few hundred Pequots survived, and the English continued to hunt them down. Some Pequot fled west to seek refuge with the Mohawks, but they were eventually surrounded by a swamp near Fairfield, Connecticut. During the Fairfield Swamp Fight. The English allowed the women and children to surrender, while Pequot chief Sassacus escaped with about 80 warriors. The Mohawks killed them, sending Sassacus's head and hands to the English. Most survivors were shipped to Bermuda or the West Indies where they were enslaved. The English saw their victory as a fine act, solidifying their dominance over the Pequot people.

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In 1638, the Treaty of Hartford was signed. This divided the surviving Pequot people among the Mohegan and Narragansett Tribes. Prohibiting them from identifying as Pequot or returning to their homeland. Despite what was prohibited, The Pequot people retained their cultural identity. In 1651, with support from John Winthrop Jr. the Connecticut Colony allowed the Mashantucket Pequots.  They resettled on 500 acres of their original land. Over time, they were given more land, including 2,500 acres at Mashantucket, where a reservation was established in 1666. Over time the reservation size decreased steadily over the next two centuries, which ended up displacing the Pequot people.

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The Pilgrims and Puritans settled in New England in the first half of the 17th century, arriving just shortly after the settlers of Jamestown, Virginia. They are the protagonists of a myth that has survived many centuries as a story of American Beginnings, which is characterized by religiousness, idealism, sacrifice, and a utopian vision based on theology.  Many scholars have

considered the New England Pilgrims and Puritans as the “first Americans,”  While they claimed for themselves the right to dissent from the orthodoxies of the Church of England,

They denied those who did not conform to their doctrines the same right of religious freedom.

A Virginia cast Pocahontas, a Native woman, in the title role, “the Massachusetts myth centered on a patriarchal hierarchy, even though women composed a relatively large percentage of the Plymouth population.”

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Why The Pilgrims and The Puritans : Part two

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Why The Pilgrims and The Puritans : Part two

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The Pilgrims and Puritans were two groups of English settlers seeking to create a  new religious community in North America. The Pilgrims, settlers who arrived in 1620 aboard the Mayflower, founded Plymouth Colony after landing north of their intended destination, Virginia. They saw America as their Promised Land. The Puritans, who arrived in 1630 on the Arbella under John Winthrop, established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which quickly grew larger than the amount of people in Plymouth. The Pilgrims and Puritans shared a common religious vision. Their experiences marked by religiousness in America saw America as a Promised Land, which became central to American mythology. By 1691, both colonies merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The religious narrative of their journey and settlement became a foundational myth in American history.

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Why The Pilgrims and The Puritans : Part two

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During the age of discovery, Europeans often imagined the Americas as a site for utopian communities, Leading to a lot of expectations abut the New world.  Writers like Thomas More in Utopia (1516), Tommaso Campanella in City of the Sun (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae in Christianopolis (1619), and Francis Bacon in New Atlantis (1624) imagined great societies in America. However, these utopian visions were not based on real encounters but on their imagination. European explorers did not find the utopias they hoped for, but instead found indigenous groups of people they viewed as uncivilized, As a result europeans shifted from seeking existing utopias to building their own, With settlers like the Pilgrims and Puritans looking to establish new religious groups in the “empty” lands of the Americas, replacing the hopes of discovery with the plans of creation for themselves.

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The Pilgrims in America : William Bradfords "Of Plymouth Plantation"

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The Pilgrims in America : William Bradfords "Of Plymouth Plantation"

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William Bradford's “Of Plymouth Plantation” is a text that helped shape the narrative of America as the promiseland for the pilgrims. The Govenor of Plymouth colony “Bradford served from 1620 until his death in 1657. He wrote the history of te colony to preserve the identity.  Bradfordsaccount frames the Pilgrims experience as an exodus from England to the “promise land” in America. This established a powerful narrative for early european settlement in North America. Although “Of Plymouths Plantation” was not published until 1856, The historical detailed passenger list made a key text for tracing American ancestry and helping understand more about the pilgrims roles.

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The Pilgrims in America : William Bradfords "Of Plymouth Plantation"

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While William Bradford primarily wrote about the pilgrims, the Puritans have a lot more documents on their experiences in New England. The Puritans were highly self-aware, interpreting their achievements through tracts, sermons, histories, and narratives. They presented themselves as the founders of a model colony that fulfilled gods will. Although the pilgrims arrived in North America 10 years earlier, the Puritan migration gained much more momentum with the arrival of Governor Winthrop in 1630. Not all settlers in Massachusetts were strict Puritans. Many famous and important figures like Winthrop, John Cotton, Thomas Shepard, and the Mather family played a key role in shaping New England's Puritanism.

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Despite the efforts made by the colonists to take out the Pequot people. By 1910, only 66 Pequot people were recorded alive on the U.S census. Their population would continue to decline for quite some time. However, starting in the 1970s, the Pequot population began to rise once again. This led to multiple legal actions and lawsuits over the land that had been illegally sold in 1856. In 1983, the “Mashantucket Pequot Indian Land Claim Act” was passed. This meant the Pequot tribe was allowed to buy their original land and start up their reservation. In 2002, the Eastern Pequot tribal nation was recognized, and this marked a significant step in the revival of the Pequot people.

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