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Characteristics:

1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.
2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.
3. Deep respect for nature and animals.
4. Cyclical worldview.
5. Figurative language/parallelism.

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Oral Works

-The Earth on Turtle's Back

-Navajo Creation

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#1 Speaks more than 500 dialogue and language.

Link to image:

https://historicalpix.com/products/native-american-in-headdress-portrait-1920s?srsltid=AfmBOoosQL6Kl38tCCEuvIkiZlX0ETwGV2GQa3MYVrhGqF3F5gMyn5d1

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#2 They believe that the 4 for is sacred, as they believe in all things they create they will fail for 3, and then succeed at 4.

Link to Image:

https://www.morganparkacademy.org/2020/fifth-grade-native-americans/

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~1450 -Iroquois Confederacy, earliest forms of democratic government.

1400s ~ 1500s - Arrival of Europeans.

~1607 - Founding of James Town, the beginning of American Literature.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 

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Characteristics

1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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Puritans banned Christmas.

Image Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Puritanism

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The Mayflower Compact was America's mini Constitution.

Image Link: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Puritanism

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1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

1692: Salem Witch Trials

1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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"The Age of Reason"

"The Enlightenment"

Chatacteristics:

1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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Rationalism and the Enlightenment emphasized reason over tradition, which helped inspire modern science and democratic ideals.

Image by: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

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The Age of Reason was so influential that many thinkers called it “the light after the dark ages”.

Image by:

https://www.livescience.com/55327-the-enlightenment.html

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1607 Early Settlement—Jamestown

1775-1783 Revolutionary War

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"The American Renaissance"

1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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Nature was their "Bible". Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau believed that spiritual truths could be found more clearly in nature than in organized religion or books.

Image: https://inca.ac.id/american-transcendentalism/

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Magazines which published essays, poetry, and philosophy from Transcendentalist thinkers became popular.

Image: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-transcendentalism-3530593

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1840-1860
Transcendentalism

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Young people are increasing their play in modern activism. An example: Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, who was motivated by climate issues, got involved in organizing climate strikes, and joining movements such as the Extinction Rebellion Youth. Young people are also active in using social media and public protest, in conducting activism.

Image: Courtesy of Nadine Khaouli

Link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/worklife/article/20220803-gen-z-how-young-people-are-changing-activism

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Farmers in New Delhi are demanding legislation guaranteeing minimum crop prices. Rural communities are often facing policy promises that have not sufficiently addressed their economic vulnerability. Now they are protesting a demanding for what they need.

Image: AP news

Source: https://apnews.com/article/india-farmers-protest-minimum-crop-prices-72f48ace2126ccf933675b76ff83944a

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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Women were told not to play wind instruments because it made your face look unattractive.

Source: https://www.epicreads.com/blog/10-weirdest-facts-about-renaissance-florence/#:~:text=Women%20were%20told%20not%20to,grown%20up%20enough%20for%20marriage.

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Men usually didn't get married until they were 30, before then, they were not considered to be grown up enough for marriage.

Source: https://www.epicreads.com/blog/10-weirdest-facts-about-renaissance-florence/#:~:text=Women%20were%20told%20not%20to,grown%20up%20enough%20for%20marriage.

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1800-1860
The War of 1812
1812-1815
California Gold Rush
January 24, 1848

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Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick was such a commercial failure when published that it went out of print before his death.

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Emily Dickinson published fewer than a dozen poems in her lifetime, even though she wrote nearly 1,800.

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Image: Witch trial in Salem, Massachusetts, lithograph by George H. Walker, 1892. Britannica.

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On June 10, 1692, Bridget Bishop became the first person executed during the Salem witch trials, which started a series of execution in which 19 people would be put to death.

Source:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/March-1/salem-witch-hunt-begins

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Image: Joseph McCarthy (left) chats with Roy Cohn at the hearings, United Press International telephoto

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On April 22, 1954, the Army–McCarthy hearings began a series of nationally televised hearings where Senator Joseph McCarthy’s aggressive tactics against the U.S. Army were shown to the public, leading to a major decline in his influence and reputation.

Source:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/april-22/mccarthy-army-hearings-begin

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Image Source: Walt Whitman, Feinberg-Whitman Collection/Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

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Fun Fact #1

Walt Whitman couldn’t find a publisher for his new poems, so he sold his own house to fund and print the very first edition of Leaves of Grass, with no author’s name on the cover.

Fun Fact #2

Walt Whitman volunteered as a civil war nurse in hospitals for soldiers from both sides. He also used his own money to buy presents for the patients.

Fun Fact #3

Whitman used an unusual style of poem rhythm call free verse, which sound like natural speech. It was unusual for his time.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walt-Whitman

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Fun Fact #1:

John Ashbery won the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Bollingen Prize, the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, a MacArthur "Genius Grant" and many more, making him one of the most honored American poets ever.

Fun Fact #2:

Ashbery wrote art criticism and was deeply influenced by visual art, especially abstract expressionism, which shape his unusual, dreamlike poetic style.

Fun Fact #3:

Ashbery’s Some Trees (1956) won the Yale Younger Poets Prize, judged by the famous poet W. H. Auden, who claim he hadn’t understood a word of the manuscript.

Source: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/john-ashbery

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Image Source: Dr. Seuss on his last visit to his hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts in 1986. Photo courtesy of Springfield Union-News

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Poet: Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss) Fun Fact 

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Poet: Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss) Fun Fact 

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Fun Fact #1

Dr. Seuss's biggest hit Green Eggs and Ham beginned from a challenge from his publisher, asking him to write a book using only 50 different words.

Fun Fact #2

Dr. Seuss never had biological children of his own, despite becoming children books best selling author.

Fun Fact #3

The main library at the University of California, San Diego is called Geisel Library in his honor.

Source: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/8-things-didnt-know-dr-seuss?

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dr-Seuss/The-Cat-in-the-Hat-How-the-Grinch-Stole-Christmas-and-other-classics?