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Group 6 : Yoyo , Chloe , Leanne , Toby, Christy 5. childbirth is a classic example of a positive feedback loop. Explain how it works and why a positive (rather than negative feedback mechanism is beneficial in this case.

positive

- definition: The process amplifies when there is a response to a stimulus, which the process keeps on until the process reaches its end point.

- process of childbirth: During childbirth, the muscles of the uterus contract. These contractions push the baby’s head against the cervix.The pressure of the baby’s head activates neurons in the mother’s brain, which stimulate the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin.

Oxytocin causes an increase in the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions. So, when oxytocin is released and acts on the uterus, stronger contractions cause the pressure on the cervix to increase. This causes the release of even more oxytocin, which produces even stronger contractions. This positive feedback loop continues until the pressure causes the cervix to fully dilate, and the baby is born.

Definition Negative feedback mechanism: reverse the initial change

Process of childbirth when negative mechanism takes places:

1. When head of foetus pushes against cervix

2. Nerve impulses from cervix transmitted to brain

3. Brain stimulus pituitary gland to secret hormone to prevent foetus to continue pushing against cervix

4. Hormone other than oxytocin, may not stimulated uterine contraction and pushes foetus towards cervix

5. No muscle contraction to push foetus out, foetus cannot come out from the uterus

6. Difficult labor , slow labour and prevent delivery

Conclusion: a positive feedback loop ensures a rapid and efficient process, which is necessary for childbirth. Negative feedback would slower labor and prevent delivery

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Group 4: Yannie, Liza, Kiwi,Mango,Hercules,Alex

Positive: amplifies a change, pushes the system further away from its initial state, lead to instability

Negative: maintain stable internal environment, bring system back to its set point, leading to stability
Positive eg.
Childbirth
uterus contracts , it stimulates the release of more oxytocin, leading to stronger contractions.

Negative eg.
Drop of body temp

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Group 2: Hannah, Ah Yo, Jenny, Chelsea, Jamie, Kathy

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Group 5 MYT,JASON, LYDIA, RUBY, JANICE

Receptors

•temperature-sensitive cells under the skin and the brain detected a temperature drop. nerve impulse is sent to the control centre

Control centre

signal is sent to the control centre in brain

control centre send nerve impulse to stimulate the effector to work

Effector

-the effector functions and shivering occurs

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Group 1: (Rachel, Winnie, Kate, Tony, Talise, Emily)

- Positive feedback: reinforces and amplifies a behavior or process, encouraging it to continue or increase

- negative feedback: counteracts or reduces a stimulus, aiming to bring a system back to a stable state or equilibrium

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Group Number:3

Name:(Vincent, Chantel, Alfred, Kelton Erika)

• Initiation of the loop: As labor begins, the baby’s head presses against the cervix, stretching it and activating sensory receptors that send signals to the brain.

• Hormonal response: The brain (specifically the hypothalamus) stimulates the pituitary gland to release oxytocin into the bloodstream.

• Uterine contractions: Oxytocin binds to receptors on the uterine muscles, causing them to contract more forcefully, which pushes the baby further toward the cervix.

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Group Number : Names

(Group 1 : May, Edna, Mike, Michelle, Alvin)