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Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium solution

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Chemical formula: C₁₁H₉I₃N₂NaO₄⁺

Molecule size: large molecule

Composition: compound

Osmolality: high osmolality

Compound ratio: each mL contains 660 mg Diatrizoate meglumine and 100 mg Diatrizoate sodium

Solubility: high solubility

Viscosity: low viscosity

Miscibility: high miscibility

Persistence: low persistence

Adverse Effects: hypovolemia, hypotension, dehydration, aspiration, anaphylactic reactions
-Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis can be caused by exposure to gadolinium in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease
-onset of NSF is days to months post injection

Indications: studies of esophagus, stomach, proximal small bowel, and colon

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to gastrografin or iodine based products

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-nonionic universally used for pediatric patients

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Safe to use in:
-double contrast studies
-GI studies
-intravascular studies (not common)
-patients with poor renal function
-patients with iodine allergy
-will not cause gas embolus
Contraindicated in:
-cerebral or coronary angiograms as it can be neurotoxic and cardiotoxic
-COPD patients
-patients on nitrous oxide sedation

Properties that make them safe or unsafe:
-better absorbed into body when administered into a hollow organ
-do not cause emboli
-high solubility

Exams that use this media:
-double contrast studies
-GI studies
-intravascular studies (not common)
-intra-abdominal studies

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Properties that make them safe or unsafe:
-does not cause gas emboli, rapidly absorbed in body

Exams that use this media:
-not in common use

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Properties that make them safe or unsafe:
-Oxygen is readily absorbed by the cells, can cause gas emboli, doesn't dissipated as easily

Exams that use this media:
-not common in radiology

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Safe to use in:
-large intestine
-GI studies
-arthrography
-pulmonary studies

Contraindicated in:
-cardiovascular studies

Properties that make them safe or unsafe:
-may cause air emboli

Exams that use this media:
-GI tract
-soft tissue neck studies
-UGI
-BE
-enteroclysis
-synovial joints

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Molecular formula: BaSO₄

Molecule size: large molecule

Composition: suspension

Osmolality: low osmolality

Compound ratio: 1 barium, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygen atoms

Solubility: not soluble in water; suspension when mixed with water

Viscosity: low to high viscosity depending on mixture

Miscibility: low miscibility

Persistence: high persistence

Adverse effects: constipation, fluid overload, colon perforation from enema tip, vaginal rupture, allergic-type reactions, aspiration, leakage into vascular system via gastric mucosa
Mild reactions
- nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or cramping
Moderate reactions
-urticaria and pruritis, erythema, facial edema with no dyspnea, throat tightness and wheezing or bronchospasm for allergic-like
-protracted nausea and vomiting, hypertensive urgency, chest pain, and vasovagal reactions for physiologic
Severe
-diffuse edema, facial edema with dyspnea, erythema with hypertension, laryngeal edema with stridor, wheezing, bronchospasm, hypoxia and anaphylactic shock for allergic-like
-vasovagal reaction resistant to treatment, arrythmia, convulsions, seizures, and hypertensive emergency for physiologic

Indications: used to diagnose and evaluate disorders of the GI system; enteral studies

Contraindications: perforation of GI tract, post colon biopsy, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, chronic constipation

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-reduce the anatomic number of the area being demonstrated

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Molecule size: large molecule

Monomer or dimer: monomer or dimer

Osmolality: low osmolality

Compound ratio: 3:1

Solubility: high solubility in plasma; cannot dissolve into charged particles when it enters a solution

Viscosity: high viscosity (warmed to decrease viscosity)

Miscibility: high miscibility

Persistence: low persistence

Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, flushed feeling, adverse reactions 1 in 50

Indications: visualize the urinary system, vascular system, infections and many other lesions

Contraindications: renal insufficiency, preexisting diabetes, or reduced intravascular volume

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6 iodine atoms per molecule; IOCM have an iodine to molecule ratio of 6:1

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Molecule size: large molecule

Monomer or dimer: monomer or dimer

Osmolality: high osmolality

Compound ratio: 3 iodine and 1 benzene ring with a carboxylate-containing benzene substituent
monomer-3:2
dimer-3:1

Solubility: not lipid soluble; can dissolve into charged particles when it enters a solution

Viscosity: high viscosity

Miscibility: high miscibility

Persistence: low persistence

Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, flushing, itching, rash, wheezing, arrhythmia, changes in blood pressure, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, convulsions, cardiac arrest

Indications: visualize the urinary system, the vascular system

Contraindications: previous adverse reactions to iodine, history of asthma, heart disease, sickle cell disease, renal disease, use of beta blockers, use of NSAIDS, receiving large amount of contrast in the past 24 hours