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Raphael was born in 1483, Urbino, Italy.  He died on April 6, 1520, Rome, Italy.  He had 2 parents: Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla.  Both of them died when Raphael was a young child.

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Raphael’s work consisted of art and architecture.  Raphael made an art series called “Madonnas”, consisting of the Madonna of the Goldfinch, the Madonna del Prato, the Esterházy Madon, and La Belle Jardinière.  He also worked in architecture, helping with the Vatican, and making the Sant’ Eligio degli chapel and the Santa Maria del Popolo Chapel.

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Raphael got apprenticeship by a painter named Pietro Vannunci, also known as Perugino.  He worked in Perugia, Italy, at the Collegio del Cambia.  This apprenticeship lasted 4 years and this helped Raphael experience hand on work and helped him  develop his own art style.  This style is shown in the Mond Crucifixion.

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After the apprenticeship, he moved to Florence, where he would be influenced by Fra Bartolommeo, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Masaccio.  He learned from  their art and was able to produce better work that expressed his style, along with shadow and light work.  Thesis is when he produced the series of “Madonnas”.

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The biggest patron he had was Pope Julius, in which he made him paint and design architecture for the Vatican and the Catholic Church.  He painted and designed many chapels and churches.  Julius was a powerful ally because at the time the Church had a large influence in the world.

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Raphael had an influence in the Renaissance  because of his paintings.  His paintings reflected values of intelligence and nobility.  These values were important to the “Renaissance man” and other parts of the Renaissance.  He was able to achieve this because he was able to paint harmony in action.

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Raphael painted people doing actions, and at the same time he brought a calm, collective, and harmonic feeling to the painting.  At the time of the Renaissance, Raphael was one of the most famous Italian artists, which impacted how he influenced Italy and other parts of the world with his art.  Raphael impacted the way people paint even today by the concept of combining two different feelings together in harmony.

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Raphael would not be considered a Renaissance man.  He is not considered one because he did not focus on 3 subjects he only did 2.  Raphael was never into astrology, math, physics, or philosophy.  He only did 2 major subjects, which doesn’t make him a Renaissance man.

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Raphael is most famous for his paintings, and how he depressed different forms of emotions and actions together to make harmony and mood in his work.

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He also did architecture at the Vatican.  He worked for a long time under Pope Julius to make chapels and buildings for him and other people.

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This is an example of how Raphael put harmony in action together.  And this showed values of intelligence in his painting, which influenced the Renaissance.

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Raphael, Portrait of Julius II, 1511-1512

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Raphael, Portrait of Julius II, 1511-1512

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In this painting Raphael showed how he was different from other Italian artists.  Raphael showed the emotional life of the people he painted, which influenced the classical look of renaissance painting and paintings today.

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This is a room in St Peter's Basilica which Raphael designed.  This shows another subject that Raphael took part in because it complimented his artwork.

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Quick Facts

"Time is a vindictive bandit to steal the beauty of our former selves. We are left with sagging, rippled flesh and burning gums with empty sockets."

Rafaello Sanzio da Urbino

A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism, Raphael is best known for his "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome.

Who Was Raphael?

Italian Renaissance painter and architect Raphael became Perugino's apprentice in 1504. Living in Florence from 1504 to 1507, he began painting a series of "Madonnas." In Rome from 1509 to 1511, he painted the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura") frescoes located in the Palace of the Vatican. He later painted another fresco cycle for the Vatican, in the Stanza d'Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). In 1514, Pope Julius II hired Raphael as his chief architect. Around the same time, he completed his last work in his series of the "Madonnas," an oil painting called the Sistine Madonna. Raphael died in Rome on April 6, 1520.

Early Life and Training

Raphael was born Raffaello Sanzio on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy. At the time, Urbino was a cultural center that encouraged the Arts. Raphael's father, Giovanni Santi, was a painter for the Duke of Urbino, Federigo da Montefeltro. Giovanni taught the young Raphael basic painting techniques and exposed him to the principles of humanistic philosophy at the Duke of Urbino's court.

In 1494, when Raphael was just 11 years old, Giovanni died. Raphael then took over the daunting task of managing his father's workshop. His success in this role quickly surpassed his father's; Raphael was soon considered one of the finest painters in town. As a teen, he was even commissioned to paint for the Church of San Nicola in the neighboring town of Castello.

In 1500, a master painter named Pietro Vannunci, otherwise known as Perugino, invited Raphael to become his apprentice in Perugia, in the Umbria region of central Italy. In Perugia, Perugino was working on frescoes at the Collegio del Cambia. The apprenticeship lasted four years and provided Raphael with the opportunity to gain both knowledge and hands-on experience. During this period, Raphael developed his own unique painting style, as exhibited in the religious works the Mond Crucifixion (circa 1502), The Three Graces (circa 1503), The Knight's Dream (1504) and the Oddi altarpiece, Marriage of the Virgin, completed in 1504.

Paintings

In 1504, Raphael left his apprenticeship with Perugino and moved to Florence, where he was heavily influenced by the works of the Italian painters Fra Bartolommeo, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Masaccio. To Raphael, these innovative artists had achieved a whole new level of depth in their composition. By closely studying the details of their work, Raphael managed to develop an even more intricate and expressive personal style than was evident in his earlier paintings.

From 1504 through 1507, Raphael produced a series of "Madonnas," which extrapolated on da Vinci's works. Raphael's experimentation with this theme culminated in 1507 with his painting, La belle jardinière. That same year, Raphael created his most ambitious work in Florence, the Entombment, which was evocative of the ideas that Michelangelo had recently expressed in his Battle of Cascina.

Raphael moved to Rome in 1508 to paint in the Vatican "Stanze" ("Room"), under Pope Julius II's patronage. From 1509 to 1511, Raphael toiled over what was to become one of the Italian High Renaissance's most highly regarded fresco cycles, those located in the Vatican's Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura"). The Stanza della Segnatura series of frescos include The Triumph of Religion and The School of Athens. In the fresco cycle, Raphael expressed the humanistic philosophy that he had learned in the Urbino court as a boy.

In the years to come, Raphael painted an additional fresco cycle for the Vatican, located in the Stanza d'Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"), featuring The Expulsion of Heliodorus, The Miracle of Bolsena, The Repulse of Attila from Rome and The Liberation of Saint Peter. During this same time, the ambitious painter produced a successful series of "Madonna" paintings in his own art studio. The famed Madonna of the Chair and Sistine Madonna were among them.

Architecture

By 1514, Raphael had achieved fame for his work at the Vatican and was able to hire a crew of assistants to help him finish painting frescoes in the Stanza dell'Incendio, freeing him up to focus on other projects. While Raphael continued to accept commissions -- including portraits of popes Julius II and Leo X -- and his largest painting on canvas, The Transfiguration (commissioned in 1517), he had by this time begun to work on architecture. After architect Donato Bramante died in 1514, the pope hired Raphael as his chief architect. Under this appointment, Raphael created the design for a chapel in Sant' Eligio degli Orefici. He also designed Rome's Santa Maria del Popolo Chapel and an area within Saint Peter's new basilica.

Raphael's architectural work was not limited to religious buildings. It also extended to designing palaces. Raphael's architecture honored the classical sensibilities of his predecessor, Donato Bramante, and incorporated his use of ornamental details. Such details would come to define the architectural style of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods.

Death and Legacy

On April 6, 1520, Raphael's 37th birthday, he died suddenly and unexpectedly of mysterious causes in Rome, Italy. He had been working on his largest painting on canvas, The Transfiguration (commissioned in 1517), at the time of his death. When his funeral mass was held at the Vatican, Raphael's unfinished Transfiguration was placed on his coffin stand. Raphael's body was interred at the Pantheon in Rome, Italy.

Following his death, Raphael's movement toward Mannerism influenced painting styles in Italy's advancing Baroque period. Celebrated for the balanced and harmonious compositions of his "Madonnas," portraits, frescoes and architecture, Raphael continues to be widely regarded as the leading artistic figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism.

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"Time is a vindictive bandit to steal the beauty of our former selves. We are left with sagging, rippled flesh and burning gums with empty sockets." Rafaello Sanzio da Urbino A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism, Raphael is best known for his "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome.

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Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]-died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.

Why is Raphael so important?

What is Raphael famous for?

What was Raphael's family like?

How was Raphael educated?

How did Raphael die?

Early years at Urbino

Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter "of no great merit." He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.

Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning. Furthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.

Apprenticeship at Perugia

The date of Raphael's arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael's activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a "master," was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. It is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission-to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia. The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.

In addition to this practical instruction, Perugino's calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481-82 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael's first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino's influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Nevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael's sensibility was different from his teacher's. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino's work.

Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin- Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael -are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.

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Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts

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Raphael, master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance, best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.

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Raffaello Santi known commonly as just Raphael was praised at the master of high Renaissance painting. Thought he is not credited to be as influential or innovative as Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo, his skills in colour, technique and painting were undeniable, making him commonly noted in the same realms of Leonardo and Michelangelo.[1] His influence in the Renaissance was perhaps his paintings conveyed Renaissance values such as intelligence and nobility.[2] His paintings convey high energy with figures calm and harmonious but also at times exaggerated. A good example of his skills in harmony, colour is his painting "Galatea" made in 1517 or 18. A viewer can see the exaggerated figures, they are not calm, their poses are action-packed but there is still harmony and balance. His influence was again primarily in his gift to paint harmony within action. In this instance, there is three cupids that balance out the painting, and the bottom of the image conveys many hysterical figures, however evenly across the canvas.
Difference between Michelangelo and Leonardo
In contrast to Michelangelo and Leonardo, Raphael's influenced was that he saw an end to his works. Michelangelo and Leonardo often did not finish works, perhaps, because they were never adequate to them.[3] However, Raphael 'a picture was complete once its main masses were posed in a satisfying, relationship, and line colour and surface had a fluid relationship; at this point in his career he was not interested in adding further detail".[4]
Portraitist
Raphael always took extra care as to depict his commissioners well and to capture their personalities through portraiture. Many of his commissioners were painted in front of natural landscape, such as the portrait of Angelo Doni painted in 1506.[5] The man sits in natural landscape marking Raphael's influence and rebellion from common portraits before his time that often depict figures without any background. An example of this would be Leonardo da Vinci's "Ceilia Gallerani/Lady with Ermine" from 1483-85, which shows the subject in front of a solid black background given the viewer no background information.
The School of Athens
One of Raphael's most magnificent works was The School of Athens, more specifically "Philosophy". This work is praised by many art historians as the picture of "high renaissance ideal of formal and spatial harmony."[6] In this image Raphael depicted a building with many influential gods and intellectuals.[7] Among these are Plato and Aristotle. Along the wall of the building statues stand of Apollo and Minerva, ancient gods.[8]

In short, Raphael did not have the same affect on the world as Leonardo and Michelangelo did because he did not extend his interests in the sciences and anatomy the way that the two before him did but his influence still lies in his beautiful paintings that convey harmony and colour while still portraying action and excitement.

[1] Frederick Hart and David G. Wilkins, History of Italian Renaissance Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. (New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc, 2011), 480.
Images Retrieved from:
Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Web Page." Publishing Organization or Name of Website in Italics. Publication date and/or access date if available. URL.

"Portrait of Agnolo Doni" Wikipedia. 24 August 2015, accessed 12 December 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Agnolo_Doni

"Lady with an Ermine" artinthepicture. 2015, accessed 12 December 2015. http://www.artinthepicture.com/paintings/leonardo_da_vinci/lady-with-an-ermine/

"The Triumph of Galatea" wikiart. accessed 12 December 2015. http://www.wikiart.org/en/raphael/galatea-detail-of-mermen-and-dolphins-1506?utm_source=returned&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=referral

Written by Shannon Johnston

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Raffaello Santi known commonly as just Raphael was praised at the master of high Renaissance painting.

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The Italian Renaissance left an enduring artistic legacy. Traditionally, the three great master painters of the era are regarded as Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Raphael. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1517), better known as Raphael, is often cited as one of the greatest and most influential painters of all time. He was not only a great artist who produced great works but made a real contribution to the Renaissance, in several areas.

Raphael's work was revolutionary, and he changed the history of art in this epoch both in Italy and beyond. Indeed, he inspired new artistic schools. He was a Renaissance man and a pioneer in printmaking. Raphael was one of the first artists to use this medium. Moreover, he was crucial in the emergence of the modern conception of the artist.

Life and times of Raphael

Raphael was born on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy. At this time, Urbino was a small dukedom in the Papal States and one of the centers of the Renaissance. His father was Giovanni Santi, who was the court painter for the Duke of Urbino. It appears that Raphael's father taught him the basics of painting at an early age. His childhood was idyllic, but his mother died when he was eight and his father died when he was just eleven. Remarkably, while still a child it is claimed that he took over his father's workshop and he became an accomplished painter.

This story may be apocryphal, because Raphael was later apprenticed to the well-known painter Perugino, in Umbria. While serving his apprenticeship, he worked on frescoes and learned new techniques. Raphael soon developed his unique style, as seen in the Oddi Altar place, completed in 1503. From an early age, he was committed to demonstrating the grandeur of humanity, probably under the influence of Neoplatonism.

After completing his apprenticeship, the young painter moved to Florence, where he studied the works of Leonardo and others. He composed a series of paintings on the Madonna (Virgin Mary), and this made him famous. He attracted the attention of Pope Julius II, who commissioned him to paint the Vatican 'Stanze,' a suite of reception rooms in the Papal Palace. Raphael painted several massive frescoes, among the most famous of these is the School of Athens, a painting of the great ancient Greek philosophers. He labored for over four years to create a cycle of frescoes that include the Triumph of Religion.

These images express the Christian humanist philosophy that was prevalent in Rome at the time. These paintings were very well-received, and the Pope commissioned another set of frescoes for the Room of Heliodorus. These works are considered among the greatest works of the High Renaissance. At the same time, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, and he came to dislike the younger painter. He began to suspect that Raphael was conspiring with others against him. Michelangelo accused the young man from Urbino of plagiarising his work, but no one took this seriously.

While working on the Vatican Rooms, Raphael established a workshop where he and his assistants produced numerous paintings of the Virgin Mary, including the renowned Sistine Madonna (1512). He also painted many notable portraits at the time, including that of Pope Julius II and two cardinals (1519) and the astounding character study of the writer Baldassare Castiglione (1516). Raphael was a tireless worker, and he also produced many great cartoons, and he is regarded as one of the greatest draughtsmen in all western art.

Raphael, like the other significant Renaissance figures, was a man of many talents, and he was also an architect. Raphael had great respect for the classical past, and he was one of the first to display an interest in archaeology. He urged the Pope to stop the destruction of ancient ruins. It was often the case that old buildings were pulled down and their materials recycled in new buildings. Raphael was appointed the commissioner of antiquities for the city of Rome by Julius II. In this role, he preserved many ruins, collected inscriptions, and drew up a map of the archaeology of Rome.

By 1512, the painter was in charge of all the Papacy's artistic projects. He was a prevalent figure in Rome and notorious for his numerous affairs. He became engaged to a niece of a Cardinal but was reluctant to marry her because he was deeply in love with his mistress and model, Margarita Luti, known as La Fornarina. Raphael painted Luti several times.

Raphael fell gravely ill and died on Good Friday 1517, which many believe was also the date of his birth. He may have died of overwork, but given the unhealthy environment of Rome, he could have fallen to an infectious disease. In his will, he left most of his estate to his beloved Margarita. Raphael was buried in the Pantheon in Rome and is early death cut short the life of a remarkable artistic talent.

Raphael's influence on painting

Raphael had an enormous impact on the history of painting during the Renaissance. His work was very classical in style, and in this regard, it was similar to Michelangelo and Leonardo. However, he took painting in a new direction, and he wanted to show the emotional life of his subject.

Previously, artists had been reluctant to show emotions realistically under the influence of classical art. Raphael was not afraid to portray his subjects in an emotionally realistic way, and this made him very popular. In particular, it meant that he was a much-admired portraitist. His portraits are considered to be among the finest that have ever been composed.

His techniques influenced painters both during the later Renaissance and afterward. Raphael was not necessarily an innovator, but he perfected various painting techniques. This skill gave his works a very harmonious quality that was much admired and emulated. Raphael's 'sprezzatura' or naturalness was especially praised. His naturalness and effortlessness was something that even the great Michelangelo envied.

In some of Raphael's works, such as his frescoes in the Vatican, we can see the beginnings of a new school of painting. The Urbino artist's, contrasts of light and dark, and use of dramatic colors inspired the development of the Mannerist School. . This movement includes painters such as Tintoretto and even influenced the work of El Greco.

Raphael is considered to be one of the greatest religious painters in the Christian tradition of all time. His depictions of the crucifixion of Christ are considered to be masterpieces. However, it is his depictions of the Madonna, or Mary the mother of Jesus Christ that has been particularly admired.

Raphael's portrayal of the Madonna changed the course of religious art in the Renaissance, and its influence extends to this day. Raphael was called the 'Prince of Painters' by the first art historian Giorgio Vasari. Others eclipsed his fame in the Baroque era, but he became extremely popular in the 19th century and was widely emulated.

Raphael as an architect

In addition to being an extraordinary painter, Raphael was also a significant architect. He was appointed the chief architect of the Pope after the death of the Donato Bramante (1440-1514). Raphael played an important role in the creation of Rome as we now know it today. His first successful design was a chapel in the Church of Saint Eligio degli Orefici. Perhaps his most important work was the chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo Chapel, which can still be seen in St Peter's.

Raphael also designed several private villas and houses, but sadly none of these have survived. Raphael's style owed much to Bramante, but he also incorporated many details and ornaments in his buildings. This encouraged other architects to design less austere and severe classical buildings, which became popular during the Late Renaissance.

Raphael and the emergence of Printmaking

Raphael was not a printmaker, but he worked with one of the first printmakers Marcantonio Raimondi. The artist produced the drawings and they were then engraved and printed by Raimondi. Together they produced many of the best-known prints of the Italian Renaissance. The artist was one of the first to make prints of his work and he played an important role in the rise of reproductive art or prints. He had prints made of some of his most important works such as the Massacre of the Innocents. Raphael was an innovator and perhaps the first great artist to recognize the importance of prints in the Renaissance.

Raphael and the conceptualization of modern art

In the Middle Ages, painters and other artists were only regarded as craft persons or manual workers. They had little or no social status. The Renaissance changed this and led to the modern conception of the artists. Artists became people who were seen as gifted and capable of producing beautiful works art that offered profound insights. During the Renaissance, painters and others attained a new status and rank. Raphael was one of the first to be regarded in this light.

Unlike his predecessors, he was famous and was a well-known personality in Rome. He was something of a celebrity in Rome during his life. Moreover, he was a close friend with the power brokers of Rome. At one time, it was even proposed that he be appointed a Cardinal. Raphael was a charismatic and attractive character, and he did much to redefine the role of the artist in Renaissance society. He demonstrated that the visual arts, such as painting, could be extraordinary. Raphael showed that the paintings could deal with serious subjects and provide a unique experience. While in his religious paintings, he demonstrated that art could be uplifting. The Urbino born artist helped to change the way that people experienced art.

Conclusion

Raphael was a true Renaissance man and remained one of the most popular of all the artists from that period. He is synonymous with grace and elegance. Raphael was a remarkable painter, and he produced several masterpieces. His mastery of technique and his emotional depth of his art was revolutionary.

He was possibly the most decisive influence on the painting of the Later Renaissance, while he changed the nature of religious art and portraiture. Raphael was also an innovator, and he was a pioneer in prints, an exceptional architect, and was one of the first who sought to preserve the built heritage of Rome. His life and work were crucial in the emergence of the modern conception of the artist.

Further Reading

Goffen, Rona. Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian. (Yale University Press, Yale, 2002).

Liebert, Robert S. "Raphael, Michelangelo, Sebastiano: High Renaissance Rivalry." Source: Notes in the History of Art 3, no. 2 (1984): 60-68.

Hall, Marcia, and Marcia B. Hall, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Raphael. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

References

Gould, Cecil, The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools (National Gallery Catalogues, London 1975), p. 13

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What was Raphael's contribution to the Renaissance

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The Italian Renaissance left an enduring artistic legacy. Traditionally, the three great master painters of the era are regarded as Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Raphael. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1517), better known as Raphael, is often cited as one of the greatest and most influential painters of all time.