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What could be some possible common mistakes in the steps taken to calculate the observed allele and genotype frequencies?

- We may forget to include multiply by 2 in the allelles frequency formula for the homozygous individuals
- Pressing wrong in the calculator.
- Forget to include bracket in calculations

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What could be some possible common mistakes in the steps taken to calculate the observed allele and genotype frequencies?
- mistakes can arise when calculating as the formula for observes alleles and genotype frequency can be mistaken for each other, you can forget to x2 in the allelle frequency formula for the homozygous individuals

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1) the genetic variations within a population of the same species like different alleles. Micro-evolution which is the change in collective genetic material of a population.

2) It is important for the population to be be able to adapt to environmental changes and outbreaks of diseases

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What could be some possible common mistakes in the steps taken to calculate the observed allele and genotype frequencies?

> Not calculating the total number correctly instead just using the 168 as the total
> multiplying the 2 for the whole equation e.g. 2(number aa individual + number Aa individuals)
> Missing out to multiply the 2

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1) Population genetics is the study of evolution from a genetic point of view, including the composition of population distribution and changes in the species genotype and phenotype frequency in response to environmental factors, mutation, genetic recombination and random pairing of gametes.

2) This is important in aquaculture as we can use to select certain traits that may be more favourable, such genes include fast growing, higher fecundity, larger size. Apart from that they can provide insight into effect of medical intervention on population frequency of disease.

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What is Population Genetic?
Population genetics is the study of the genetic makeup of populations, including genotype and phenotypic frequency distributions and changes in response to natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.
Question 2
Population genetics studies how and why allele and genotype frequencies fluctuate over time within and between populations. Which is critical for resource management, providing novel genomic methods to address important sustainable exploitation, food security, welfare, governance and aquatic biodiversity preservation.

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1. A study of genetic variation in a population and the evolutionary changes that explain this variation

2. It is important in aquaculture because when it comes to breeding usually the gene that is much better than the other is usually favored

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1. Study of genetic variation within a population
2. Important for favorable genes such as pathogen resistance to not be lost in generations to come

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1) It is the study of the genetic composition of populations, including disruptions and changes in genotype and phenotype frequency in response to the processes of natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow
2) It is important as most aquaculture species can produce many offspring, and large populations with improved genetics can be bred quickly for improved production performance. The benefits may include improved growth, resistance to disease or robustness in diverse farming environments.

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1. Is the study of evolution from a genetic point of view
2. It will help prevent inbreeding in the population and also allow for favourable traits, such as disease resistance, to be passed down

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1. The study of genetics and genetic differences within and between populations
2. It is important as it needs to be used to keep track of the favorable genes in aquaculture, so as to ensure that desirable traits are maintained and undesired traits are removed.

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1)study of evolution from a genetic pov
2)Important for aquaculture so that favourable traits are still around

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1) The study of evolution from a genetic point of view

2) The concepts of genetic variation and gene pool allows for fish breeders to produce the fish with the most favorable genes and traits

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1. Study of evolution from a genetic point of view, variations in the species and population and can also be used to study specific traits.

2. With certain traits being more desirable,
from an economic point of view, than others in aquaculture, these traits can be studied to ensure that through population genetics, We can get more desirable traits for the fish in aquaculture.

What could be some possible common mistakes in the steps taken to calculate the observed allele and genotype frequencies?

Ensure that the frequency of both alleles add up to 1 when calculated separately
If the data is given in segments only and not together for total number of individuals, one can easily misread the data and get the wrong frequencty

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1) Population genetics is the study of evolution from a genetic point of view

2) Population genetics helps us to understand if the trait we want is dominant or recessive allowing us to selectively breed individuals together in order to get the next generation with all the traits we want.

Common mistakes:
- Using the wrong value for the allele frequency
- Not using 2(x) for AA and for 2(total) since there is two "A"s
- Pressing the calculator wrong for the allele frequency since the numerator has to be in brackets

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1) Population genetics is the study of genetic makeup of groups of individuals and how the genetic composition of a population changes with time.

2) To enhance aquaculture production efficiency. The benefits are improved growth, robustness in diverse farming environments or resistance to disease

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1: Study of variations of between species and within the population
2: Important to monitor to ensure that favorable genes in aquaculture  is not lost across generations

Common mistakes
Forgetting to multiply total population by 2 when calculating allele frequency as each individual has 2 alleles

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1) The study of evolution from a genetic point of view, this includes studying the variation of genes and alleles within the population

2) Since evolution occurs over a group, population genetics is important for the breeding of fish traits as gives the information on the genes present in the population and which combination of genes will express a certain trait hence allowing for the breeding of specific traits

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population genetics is the study of the genetic makeup in a population and the different type of genes that exist in the gene pool
it is important in aquaculture to ensure the most favourable traits are kept and is being passed down to offspring and is not lost.

Reflection point:
I think some of the common mistake is the chance to mix up genotype and allele frequency as allele frequency requires the multiplication of 2 for some of the values

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- Population genetics is the study of evolution from a genetic point of view ( microevolution )

- It is important for fishes to have favourable traits and
genes to produce healthy and fertile offsprings

Common mistakes:
- Missing out on multiplying the alleles by 2 in the A alleles if its AA
- forget to include brackets in appropriate places when keying into the calculator.

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1) study of the genetic composition of a population

2) it is important as we can use the info we have to breed traits we like and breed out traits we dont like

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1. the study of evolution from a genetic point of view

2. large populations with favourable genetics can be bred quickly for improved production performance. favourable genes include fast growth, larger size, etc.

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Population genetics is the study of evolution from a genetic point of view.

It is important for the breeding of fish traits in aquaculture as variation inherently exists among members of the breeding population, hence the selection of these traits is required in the parental generation such that these desired traits can be passed down to the subsequent generations (e.g. fast growth).

What could be some possible common mistakes in the steps taken to calculate the observed allele and genotype frequencies?

Firstly, the total number of individuals can be added wrongly where the number of heterozygotes is counted twice. In a dominant-recessive situation, heterozygotes show the dominant trait and may be mistakenly added. Secondly, the formula used to calculate observed frequencies may be mixed up with the formula for expected frequencies.