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Histone modifications include methylation at lysine and arginine residues, acetylation at lysine residues, ubiquitination and sumoylation of lysines, and phosphorylation of serines and threonines.

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The epigenome is the collection of all the epigenetic marks in the DNA of a single cell. Epigenomic marks are different in different cell types. Thus, a blood cell may have different markings or modifications from a liver cell.

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A gene is a short segment of DNA. Genes tell the body how to make specific proteins. There are approximately 20,000 genes in each cell of the human body. Together they make up the hereditary material for the human body and the way it functions.

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Proteins are large, complex molecules that perform many critical functions in the body. They perform most of the work in cells and are necessary for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

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Deoxyribonucleic acid —known by the acronym DNA— is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms and some viruses; it is also responsible for hereditary transmission.