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The light-dependent reactions produce carbon dioxide, which is then used by the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are then used by the light-independent reactions.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64170-6

li et al.,2023 ,''Light-driven CO₂ assimilation by photosystem II and its relation to photosynthesis

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is a series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis not requiring light to proceed, and ultimately produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide. The energy released from ATP (produced during the light reactions) drives this metabolic pathway

The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes.

ludwig et. al, 2018 .''''A balanced norm error estimation for the time-dependent reaction-diffusion problem with shift in space

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a photochemical reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts,

light energy is transformed into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

(1st Time) Energy is absorbed from the sun.

Water is broken down.

Hydrogen ions are transported across the thylakoid membrane.

(2nd Time) Energy is absorbed from the sun.

NADPH is produced from NADP+.

Hydrogen ions diffuse through the protein channel.

ADP becomes ATP.

vicente et al.2022 Effect of Correlated Color Temperature and S/P-ratio of LED Light Sources on Reaction Time in Off-axis Vision and Mesopic Lighting Levels

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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Absorption of light, Transfer Of electrons, Production Of ATP, and Carbon Fixation.