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Captain cook arrived on the islands in search for a "northwest passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans". But he was killed just one year later by the Hawaiians after putting his hand on Chief Kalaniopu’u and shooting his rifle which scared the Hawaiians.

This is significant in the overthrow because Captain cook was the first Western to discover Hawaii. He was the first to learn their traditions and see their land and his arrival gave knowledge about westerners to the Hawaiians.

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On March 30th 1820, American Missionaries arrived in Hawaii on the Big Island. They were there to convert the Hawaiians into Christians because they had great faith in god. They did this by teaching scripture, discouraging Hawaiian cultural practices, and building churches. The missionaries took over a lot of the land by building businesses and developing the sugar industry.

This influenced the overthrow because it was the big encounter/interaction between the Westerners and Hawaiians (after Captain Cook and Keoki). Many Westerners were able to discover the people, culture, and beautiful land. This discovery of Hawaii showed them an opportunity to use it for businesses and plantations like sugar for commercial use.

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In 1849 a treaty of "perpetual peace" was created between the US and Hawaiians. It promised "Friendship and Commerce, and Navigation and Extradition" between the two countries. It was needed because French Aggression scared King Kamehameha III, so for protection the U.S government and Hawaii signed the treaty.

This connects to the overthrow because although this treaty  was made, it was violated by the Americans when they annexed Hawaii. They took over the islands, without consent from any of the Hawaiian people or monarchy. It was created in fear of being seized by British or French, but Hawaii were the ones that would seize.

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The U.S Secretary sent two militia to spy on Pearl Harbor and map it out. Pearl Harbor was one of the best natural harbors and it had commercial benefits to offer. There trip was disguised as a two month vacation. The two spies were sending reports back to America, saying that Hawaii/Pearl Harbor would have great advantages for the U.S.

This was betrayal to Hawaii so they could get information about this landmark. The Americans were considering Pearl Harbor as a military base if Japan were to attack because of it's benefits of the location.

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The Reciprocity Treaty was an arrangement that allowed goods such as sugar to enter America from Hawaii, tariff-free. In exchange, goods from America would also enter Hawaii tariff-free which increased the trades between nations. The treaty also banned Hawaii from granting similar benefits or lease harbors to other nations.

This event is significant in the overthrow because it allowed Americans in Hawaii to vote and would "dominate the politics of the island". This treaty made American business men more powerful, making it easier for them to annex the nation.

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On July 6th, 1887, the Honolulu Rifles forced King Kalakaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution. The Honolulu Rifles were a group of all Caucasian military men who were put together by the secret Hawaiian League. The armed militia gave King Kalakaua 24 hours urging him to sign the constitution written by Lorrin Thurston.

This is significant because the constitution diminished monarchy power and gave less rights to the Hawaiian people and more to the Missionary Party. This lack of power greatly affected the Hawaiians and the gap of unequal power would continue to grow.

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When her brother King David Kalakaua died, Queen Lili'okalani assumed throne. Her goal as queen was to give power back to her people because after the Bayonet constitution was signed, it left Hawaiians with few rights and gave the Missionary Party more power. That power needed to be restored to the Hawaiian people so they had rights to vote and had a say on their land.

This change in monarchy swayed the westerners actions, making sure there was no change in the power. This was a problem for them because Queen Lili'okalani wanted a change. She would fight for her people's fights.

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In efforts to give more power back to the Hawaiian people, Queen Lili'uokalani created a New Constitution. She wanted to end the Bayonet constitution and put this new one in place. The New Constitution would strengthen monarchy power and include a lottery system as a way to raise money for for monarchy, and opium lisencing bill.

This influenced the overthrow because the New Constitution was not in favor of America or the European countries. This motivated/influenced the Committee of Safety to be formed in order to annex Hawaii to regain American power.

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Many Westerners wanted Queen Lili'okalani out of reign because of her efforts for a new constitution. So Standford Dole formed a group of 13 Caucasian businessmen, which consisted of many Missionary Party members called the Committee of Safety. Their goal was to annex Hawaii and they planned to get the help of the military.

This influenced the overthrow because the Committee of Safety were the ones that overthrew the queen and forced her out of office with the help of the militia they gathered. They had planned this because they were afraid Queen Lili'okalani would drain them of their power.

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On January 16th, 1993, over 160 US militia marched around Iolani Palace, and held the queen Lili'oukalani at gunpoint and arrested her. She was forced to surrender with no other option at that point in time. The Committee of Safety took the queen out of office which was organized by Standford Dole.

This was the event of the overthrow itself with many events leading up to it. The relationship between Hawaii and the Westerners was always complicated with treaties and different opinions but this overthrow was an illegal act that broke treaties.

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Hawaii was declared a Republic by the Provisional Government. But when President Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister for Hawaii to under the 1887 constitution, Dole refused to step down from the Provisional Government presidency and instead proclaimed the independent Republic of Hawaii.

This is significant because when it was declared a republic, a new form of government for Hawaii. But this meant Hawaiians could not vote or be government employees without signing an oath of allegiance and many were not keen on doing so. After the overthrow the republic was the new form of government but it was short live.

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In 1897 after Queen Lili'oukalani served her 8 month jail time under house arrest, she traveled to Washington DC with over 20,000 signatures from Hawaiians to convince congress to put a hold on the annexation treaty that President Harrison had signed. Grover Cleveland had replaced Harrison as president since then and was against the annexation. So Queen Lili'oukalani successfully withdrew the treaty but just one year later in 1898, the Spanish and American war broke out and Hawaii was looked at as a good military base. So President McKinley declared it a US territory.

These events were the consequence of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. There were three different presidents that made these various decisions about the annexation treaty. President Harrison supported it while President Cleveland did not. And the most recent President McKinley declared wanted it to be a US territory.