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7000 BC Mesolithic Site Mount Sandel, Derry. 

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7000 BC Mesolithic Site Mount Sandel, Derry. 

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Mount Sandel provides a window into Ireland's past, offering valuable information about lifestyle, technology, and cultural practices. Provides insights into the earliest lives of inhabitants on the island of Ireland. The Mesolithic people were hunter gatherers and are believed to have arrived in canoes, made from hollow logs. These archaeological findings help understand how the early inhabitants of Ireland lived, what they ate, etc.

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Newgrange Passage Tomb is a neolithic side in the Boyne Valley. Newgrange is older than the  Pyramids of Egypt. This is an example of a Megalithic tomb, meaning great stone. The Neolithic people were the first farmers in Ireland.

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The Celts arrive in Ireland from central Europe introducing the Iron Age to the island and bringing with them their unique culture that would influence the island. They used a form of writing called Ogham. They used iron tools and weapons.

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The traditional founding of Rome by Romulus. 

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This topic examines the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, its culture, governance, and impact on world history

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431 AD and 432 AD see Ireland's first missionaries: Palladius and St Patrick spreading Christianity in Ireland. Monastic settlements were built across the island in years to come with St Enda, founding first Irish monastery on Inis Mór, AD 500.  Beautiful works of art ranging from manuscripts (Book of Kells), Metalwork (Ardagh Chalice) and High Stone Crosses (Muirdeach's Cross) were produced.

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795 AD - The Arrival of the Vikings in Ireland.

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795 AD - The Arrival of the Vikings in Ireland.

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Vikings began to raid and settle in Ireland in the eighth century

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We are learning to:

Describe the key functions and purposes of medieval guilds

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1066 AD - the battle of Hastings marked the beginning of the Norman Conquest of England

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1066 AD - Life and Death in Medieval Times

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1066 AD - Life and Death in Medieval Times

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This topic deals with the period between the end of the Roman Empire in the fifth century and the start of the Renaissance in the fifteenth century.

It was characterised by feudal societies, knights, castles, and the development of trade and craft guilds like the medieval guilds, which played a significant role in shaping the era's economic and social structure.

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Craftsmen produced the everyday goods that the town needed such as food, services, tools, clothes etc.

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Guilds were organisations of people/craftsmen who worked in the same trade

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As most people could not read, their shop sign was a picture

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Membership Fee

Set Standards for quality of work

Set prices and wages

Decided who could trade

Cared for old, sick and dead members

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5. The influence on modern organisations

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5. The influence on modern organisations

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The principles of guilds, such as:

setting standards,

providing training, and

protecting the interests of members

have influenced the development of modern professional associations such as trade unions, screen actors guild (SAG-AFTRA), and The Bar Association.

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Craftsmen played a crucial role in producing goods for towns and formed guilds specific to their trades.

Several functions including:

setting quality standards,

regulating prices and wages,

deciding who could trade in town, and

caring for members.

Guild principles have influenced modern associations

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Guilds were a positive and beneficial organisation for people/craftsmen in particular during the medieval period

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Guilds were primarily social clubs and did not have any economic functions.

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The bubonic plague known as the Black Death comes to Ireland killing 1/3 of the population. The Feudal system went into decline, peasants demanded better treatment, and a failure to find a cure led to big changes in medicine during the Renaissance to come.

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1440 - The Renaissance (Gutenberg invents the Printing Press which played a crucial role in accelerating the Renaissance)

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1440 - The Renaissance (Gutenberg invents the Printing Press which played a crucial role in accelerating the Renaissance)

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The Renaissance was the rebirth/revival of interest in learning of Ancient Greece and Rome. It began in Italy in the 14th Century and ended in the 16th Century. People began to develop new ideas about art, architecture, science, literature and medicine. This process was gradual and was met with a lot of resistance, but it changed the world forever.

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1453 - The Fall of Constantinople led to the need of new trade routes between Europe and Asia 

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1453 - The Age of Exploration and Conquest 

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1453 - The Age of Exploration and Conquest 

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Many European countries began to explore the wider world by sea. New technologies meant longer voyages were possible thus began a period of several hundred years when Europeans explores, and took over much of the World

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Luther writes his 95 Theses and nailed them to a church door in Wittenberg. Sparking a full-scale public attack on the Pope and the Catholic Church

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The Reformation was a period when people began to question the teachings of the Catholic church and to challenge the authority of the Pope. It began in Germany with the supports being called protestants and eventually spread throughout Europe ultimately dividing the continent which led to violent religious wars which had a profound impact on the world

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1534 AD Henry VIII, declares himself head of the Church of England. He began the policy of Plantation, which took land from the disloyal Irish and give it to the loyal English.

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1534 AD Henry VIII, declares himself head of the Church of England. He began the policy of Plantation, which took land from the disloyal Irish and give it to the loyal English.

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King James I, grants large areas of land in Ulster to English and Scottish, Protestant settlers.  This marks the end of Gaelic power in Ireland.

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1770 - The Boston Massacre incident inflamed anti-British sentiment 

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A revolution occurred in North America, where colonists fought back against British rule. Events such as the Boston Tea Part, First continental Congress, Battle of Yorktown, The Declaration of Independence and George Washington are all discussed in this Chapter which led to the establishment of the United States and the U.S. Constitution

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The French Revolution was a period of radical political and social upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799. It was driven by widespread discontent with the monarchy's absolute rule, economic inequality, and Enlightenment ideas. The revolution resulted in the fall of the monarchy, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Its consequences included the end of the monarchy, significant political changes in France, and a profound impact on Europe and the world.

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sparked by Irish discontent with British governance, religious discrimination, and economic hardships. The rebellion involved significant conflicts in various parts of Ireland, but it was ultimately suppressed by the British. The consequences included increased repression and ongoing tensions in Ireland during the 19th century.

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Ireland in the 1800s: The Great Famine and the Irish Diaspora

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Ireland in the 1800s: The Great Famine and the Irish Diaspora

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After the Act of Union, Britain and Ireland became united under one government. The two islands were very different with Ireland primarily an agricultural economy. In response to the Act of Union, Irish nationalists fought campaigns seeking equality for catholics and the restoration for Irish Parliament.

The Great Famine of 1845-1850 is one of the most important events of Irish History. over these years the repeated failure of the potato crop led to deaths of between one and one and a half million people who emigrated to Britain, Canada, America and Australia

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The abolishment of the Irish Parliament in Dublin.

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Irish MP's will now go to London. The city of Dublin ceases to be an important city of the growing British Empire.

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Ireland 1910-1914: The Rise of Nationalism and Unionism

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Ireland 1910-1914: The Rise of Nationalism and Unionism

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This period in Ireland was a time of great change. The years 1910-1914 saw the passing of the third home rule bill, followed by the Home Rule crises. World War 1 broke out in 1914, suspending Home rule and leading about 1/4 million Irishmen, both nationalist and unionist, to fight Britains side

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Over the four years of WWI, 18 million people died and there were profound changes in government's, societies and technology. the war's aftermath shaped a world that would see even more devastating conflicts.

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After WWI, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, Russia became the first communist state. Josef Stalin took over from Lenin and used terror and propaganda to keep control and to ensure that communism remained strong. Within a generation, Russia was transformed from a backwards, agricultural, peasant society to a more modern, industrial urban one. However, the Russian people paid a high price for this transformation

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1916-1923: The Struggle for Independence

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1916-1923: The Struggle for Independence

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Between 1916 and 1921, Irish nationalists pursued both political and violent means to achieve independence. The Easter Rising is among the most significant as it became inspiration for many and increased support for an independent Irish republic.

Ireland continue to struggle for independence using physical force throughout 1919-1921, eventually leading to the Anglo-Irish treaty. This treaty split the dail and the IRA, resulting in the outbreak of civil war and one of the worst bloodsheds in Irish history

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Adolf Hitler had become the leader of the Nazi party in Germany in 1921 and was elected chancellor in 1933. Hitler aimed to make Germany strong again and expand its territory (lebensraum). He enforced new economic policies and moved gradually into a position of strength and readiness, while Western Europe uneasily but hesitated to act. His foreign policies were to lead to the outbreak of WWII

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The south of Ireland remains neutral and took no official part in the war. However, Northern Ireland fought on the side of the British. World War II had a large impact on people's lives. It also deepened the divide between north and south

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In the aftermath of WWII, the superpowers were the Soviet Union and the US. Rivalry emerged between the two and a long period of heightened tension was known as the Cold War. The two sides came close to an armed conflict on a number of occasions, but direct war was avoided. The cold war was instead fought through competition and technology, spying and sporting. Both sides tried to weaken their arrival without resorting to all-out war.

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It has existed in all but name since the 1930's but now it is formally declared.

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The 1960s: An important decade for Ireland

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The 1960s: An important decade for Ireland

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The 1960s was a decade of huge change in Ireland. It was a period of political change, as one generations leaders handed over to another; economic change, as Ireland abandoned the policies of protectionism; and social change, with the coming of RTE, Vatican II and free education. It was a decade when the modern Irish state was Born.

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The 1960s - An important decade for the world

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The 1960s - An important decade for the world

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The 60s was a decade of profound change in the world. It was the decade when we first walked on the moon, when people around the world took to the streets to demand equal rights and when youth culture was born.

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Since its creation in 1921, Northern Ireland has been a divided society. Sectarian divisions between Protestants and the Catholic minority meant that the new state discriminated against Catholics. The resulting injustices led to protests and eventually to the outbreak of violence by paramilitary groups. Over 3,500 people lost their lives during the troubles

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European Integration and Ireland Links with Europe

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European Integration and Ireland Links with Europe

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1973 Ireland joins the EEC. This later becomes the EC and now the EU. It was set up in Europe to heal the divisions of WWII and to promote peace and prosperity and finally unity in Europe.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that began in late 2019 with the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It quickly spread worldwide, leading to a widespread pandemic that continued into the 21st century. The pandemic had far-reaching social, economic, and political impacts, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, and the development of vaccines. It remains a major global concern, with ongoing efforts to mitigate its effects.