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This government, the first democracy, began to form around 800 years before the common era, but its peak was reached in the fourth century.

A Greek leader named Pericles helped to develop democracy through his quote on the philosophy of this form of government. Other important contributors include Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato.

This version of democracy ended only because Greece was overrun by the Romans in 146 B.C.

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The Roman's form of government formed at around 509 B.C. after the Romans got rid of their monarchical form of government. The Romans called their new system a republic and it lasted for nearly 400 years.

This republic introduced representation. There were two social classes in this system: the rich aristocrats who were called patricians and the plebeians who were the common folk. Elections took place as well but women, prisoners/ slaves, and foreigners could not participate in them. This government was centered around the senate that included 300 people, had two consuls, and had a legislative assembly.

This government influenced the idea that the government should be there to support the welfare of the citizens. This concept has echoed through several centuries into modern day notions. It eventually ended and the Roman Empire arose.

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The Feudal System arose in response to the chaos of the Middle Ages and was around between the ninth and twelfth centuries.

This system had four classes. The first was the ranking lord or king who was a sort of monarch at times. He owned all the land. Then there were the lords and noblemen who pledged their loyalty to the king. The king gave them land to watch over. The noblemen gave knights, the third class, their own land. Peasants or Serfs worked the Noblemen and Knight's land who in turn gave them protection during wars. Serfs were the bulk of the population.

Many people died young and the serfs never got to see past the manor without the king's permission. Those in higher power did not care about those lower in the hierarchy, so this system was not the best.

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The Roman Catholic Church became the official church of the Roman Empire between 300 and 800 A.D.

The Church provided some sort of government-like order in the midst of the Middle Ages, just like Feudalism. Biblical teachings from Jesus, Moses, and more helped to create Catholicism. Popes and bishops ruled lands and sometimes vied with monarchs for political and religious influence over people's lives.

Most of Europe converted to Catholicism in the Middle Ages. This religion is still popular today.

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Monarchies formed and became popular in the 1400s.

Monarchies formed through the structure of Feudalism. The difference is that the total monarch, usually kings, does not need support from the nobles. Monarchs had the power to create law and run a government with the help of loyal civil servants. Monarchies at the earlier stages were mostly Divine Right or Absolute.

Monarchies still exist today. When the Monarchs died, their offspring came into power. This sequence continued and stuck as it is what worked for certain regions.

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Colonialism was popular from the late 1400s to the early 1500s.

Monarchies embarked on this policy to gain more control over more land. This was to spread religious and political beliefs and to bring in more possessions for trade.

Colonial trade and its wealth brought newfound powers to merchants and mercantilism was adopted to control profit. New developments in trade were brought about due to colonialism.

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This tied into Colonialism, so it was popular in the 1400s and 1500s.

European explorers of the New World had the opportunity to open up new trades and farming. Monarchs controlled overseas commerce by setting up companies to monopolize trade with the new regions.

Mercantilism brought about new developments in the government and more opportunities to expand wealth for kings.

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Major ideas for government occurred between the Renaissance from the 1300s to 1600s and the Enlightenment from the 1600s to 1800s.

One important person during the Renaissance was Niccolo Machiavelli, an Italian philosopher. He imposed the idea that a leader must do what it takes to preserve the state, even if it means breaking the law. John Locke is another important person during the Enlightenment time period who talked about the natural rights of citizens. Thomas Hobbes brought up the idea of a social contract that defines the rights and powers of each person. Popular sovereignty arose from this time period as well.

The Renaissance, Enlightenment, and those involved help to create the basis of many democracies and republics today.

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The United Kingdom is a Constitutional Monarchy.

The King or Queen, currently King Charles III, of this country has limited power due to a constitution. Executive power is placed in the hands of the Prime Minister with support from the Cabinet and Ministers. There is also a legislative branch and a Judicial Branch

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Oman is an Absolute Monarchy.

The Sultan of Oman is chosen through hereditary means and must be of the male gender. He is the ruler of the land and government and appoints a cabinet to assist him. Haitham bin Tarik is the present leader there.