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Violence functions as a powerful narrative tool.

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Fire has many different meanings in literature. 

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Symbols usually cannot be reduced to one meaning.

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- The meaning of symbols is subjective and based off of the reader's individual history
- Recognizing patterns in literature is a skill you develop over time
- Use questions, experience, and preexisting knowledge to figure out what a symbol means.
- Actions are often symbolic
- The reader's imagination meets the writer's imagination when we interpret symbols

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1) Text-to-Text: Jane Eyre
- Fire: anger, passion, lust, destructive nature
2) Text-to-Text: Catcher in the Rye
- Red hunting hat: wears it backwards... represents how he is separated from society

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Weather in literature almost always symbolizes something.

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Side characters only exist to serve the main character's purposes.

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- All types of weather can act as a symbol for many things
- Plot device
- Atmospherics/Emotion
- Rain is the most common type of weather to use for symbolism
- Rain, water, drowning invokes a primal fear in humans

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1) Text-to-Text: The Tempest
- Tempest: a storm... of emotion, betrayal and deceit
2) Text-to-Text: Jane Eyre
- Weather represents her life situation

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- Introduces tension
- Provides plot progression
- Uncovers underlying themes and messages
- Exposes' characters motivations
- Highlights societal dynamics

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1) Text-to-Text: Harry Potter
-The duels mirror internal conflicts and moral choices
2) Text-to-Text: Macbeth
- Battles are central to the exploration of corruption and ambition

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- The main thing characters do is change.
- The main character's development can have negative consequences for everyone but the main character.
- The narrative has needs that only the side characters can fulfill.
- The death or pain of side characters enables change in the main character.
- There are round and flat characters in literature.

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1) Text-to-Text: The Outsiders
- Ponyboy Curtis matures and changes after Johnny's death.
2) Text-to-Text: Brave New World
- Linda's death changes John the Savage.