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[Catalina] 1804 Haitai wins freedom from France

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[Catalina] 1804 Haitai wins freedom from France

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They fought because the French were bad. There were slaves who worked for free. The slaves were cruelly punished until they started fighting to be free. Toussaint led the fight to obtain his freedom. Toussaint was taken to prison and died. Dessalines continued the fight to finally gain freedom in 1804. He chose the name Haiti, which in the native Arawak language means “mountainous land.”

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1810 Father Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence

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1810 Father Hidalgo calls for Mexican Independence

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J.CASTILLO 1815 British government exiles Napoleon to a remote island in the Atlantic

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J.CASTILLO 1815 British government exiles Napoleon to a remote island in the Atlantic

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The defeat at Waterloo, in which France had lost 29,000 men, put an end to the dream, put Napoleon back on board and pushed him into exile on an even more remote island. With this gesture, Europe made clear its intention to corner, and forget, the emperor who had put it in check. His failure in the battle of Waterloo made him a prisoner of the British government, which, with the help of the Prussian army, defeated the French Grande Armée and its emperor.

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J.castillo  1816 Argentina declares Independence 

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J.castillo  1816 Argentina declares Independence 

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This situation took away action arguments from the men who had initiated the May Revolution in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and established the First Junta in 1810 -and the governments that had succeeded it- under the premise of the Mask of Ferdinand VII. The declaration was accompanied by a suggestive document that read "end of the Revolution, beginning of Order", in which the congressmen made it clear that they were concerned about giving an image of moderation before the powerful of Europe who, after the defeat of Napoleon, did not tolerate the complex word Revolution.

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J.Castillo  1824 Spanish colonies in Latin America (called Gran Columbia) win freedom

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J.Castillo  1824 Spanish colonies in Latin America (called Gran Columbia) win freedom

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The conquest of America was substantially carried out by the Crown of Castile (founder of the Indian kingdoms) and is a continuation of the first expansion and expansionist experience of the Kingdom of Castile in the Canary Islands, where it tried for the first time on a certain scale the experience of conquering, populating and administering a new territory, inhabited by unknown peoples, assimilating them and Christianizing them in the process. From this moment on, the laws of the Spanish Crown established that the American Indians (Amerindians) would not be subjected to slavery, but to a regime of servitude called encomienda, by means of which they were given to Spanish encomenderos.

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J.Castillo  1837 Louis Daguerre perfects a method of photography 

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J.Castillo  1837 Louis Daguerre perfects a method of photography 

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Daguerre teamed up with Niépce in 1830 and, after his death in 1833, perfected his method by reducing the exposure time to a few minutes, replacing bitumen with silver iodide (a light-sensitive substance whose properties had been discovered a hundred years earlier by J. Schulze)After the Renaissance, when perspective became important, camera obscuras became smaller and more sophisticated. Towards the end of the 18th century, devices were created that consisted of a series of boxes tucked inside each other and a lens for focusing.

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees enslaved people in Confederate states

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1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees enslaved people in Confederate states

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In 1870, Italy achieved its long-sought unification, consolidating numerous Italian states into a single nation-state. Leading figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and King Victor Emmanuel II played pivotal roles throughout this transformative process. Key events encompassed the Austro-Sardinian War, Garibaldi's southern campaigns, and the capture of Rome, ultimately solidifying Italian unity. This epochal event also marked the conclusion of Habsburg and Papal dominion, setting the stage for the modern Italian state.

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1871 - Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser of Germany (April)

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1871 - Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser of Germany (April)

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In 1871, Wilhelm I assumed the title of Kaiser, becoming the Emperor of the newly formed Gwerman Empire. This historic moment marked the conclusion of the German unification process masterminded by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. As the King of Prussia, Wilhelm I played a pivotal role in uniting diverse German-speaking states into a single, formidable nation-state. His reign as Kaiser represented the apex of Prussian influence within this unified entity and had far-reaching implications for European politics in the late 19th century.

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1881 - Alexander II is assassinated (April)

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1881 - Alexander II is assassinated (April)

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In 1881, Tsar Alexander II of Russia fell victim to assassination. This event held great significance in Russian history, marking the conclusion of his reign, which had been notable for its series of reforms, including the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. Alexander II's assassination was orchestrated by a faction of revolutionary extremists belonging to the People's Will organization, who vehemently opposed his rule and advocated for political change through violent means. His demise had profound ramifications for Russia, ushering in a period of heightened repression and a shift towards more conservative policies under his successor, Alexander III.

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1884-1885 Berlin Conference divides Africa among European nations (April)

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1884-1885 Berlin Conference divides Africa among European nations (April)

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In 1884-1885, the Berlin Conference convened, resulting in the partitioning of Africa among several European powers. This pivotal event marked a significant milestone in the era of European imperialism. European nations, including Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and others, gathered during the conference to negotiate and establish the division of African territories into colonial holdings. Regrettably, these outcomes were reached without the involvement or consent of African populations, leading to the arbitrary delineation of colonial borders that often disregarded existing ethnic, cultural, and geographical realities. This division of Africa set the stage for decades of colonial dominion and exploitation by European powers across the continent.