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1. birth control pills-The pill has many perks besides pregnancy prevention. Both combination and progestin-only pills reduce menstrual cramps, lighten periods, and lower your risk of ectopic pregnancy. The combination pill can also help prevent or lessen: acne.
disadvantages-an increased risk of blood clots and a small increase in breast cancer risk.

2- condoms
disadvantages-But latex can trigger an allergy in any of the partners. It may lead to rash, hives and a runny nose.
advantages-Some advantages of using condoms: When used correctly and consistently, they are a reliable method of preventing pregnancy and protecting both partners from STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhoea and HIV.

3. vasectomy Advantages: a vasectomy is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. long-term effects on your health are rare. it doesn't affect your hormone levels, sex drive or interfere with sex.
disadvantages-The most common risk with a vasectomy is infection, but those are usually minor and treatable with antibiotics. You may also have some pain, bleeding, bruising, or swelling after the procedure. Read more about vasectomy safety.

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1. causes of gonorrhea and hiv are unsafe vaginal, oral, anal sex
2. symptoms for hiv are: fever, headache, rash, sore throat
symptoms for gonorrhea are:

Painful urination

Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis

Pain or swelling in one testicle

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2.A rapid drop in hormone levels are what is the main cause for postpartum depression

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3. 4 weeks of paternity leave for fathers

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1. For fathers, it has doubled from two to four weeks  but for mothers it is 16 weeks
There is a difference as mothers need more time to rest but fathers only need 4 weeks to help take care and then need to work

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parents get to have a 16 weeks of Government-Paid Maternity Leave to recover from childbirth and bond with your newborn which can start anytime within 28 days before delivery

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1. The baby will grow and develop slower. The babies will be at risk of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. They have the following:

Low birth weight.

Diminished growth.

Poor fine motor coordination skills.

Low IQ.

Behavioural problems.

An increased risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

If the mother smokes, the baby

lower birth weight

slower growth of your baby

higher risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

damage to airways which could cause breathing problems or asthma

2. -Folate is vitamin B, which is essential for cell division and organ formation. This nutrient helps prevent neural tube defects (malformations of the brain and spinal cord) in your developing baby and anaemia in pregnant women.
-Iron is needed for the formation of red blood cells. Inadequate iron intake may lead to anaemia. This is because, during pregnancy, your blood volume expands to accommodate the changes in your body.
-Vitamin 12 is required for blood formation. It is only found in foods of animal origin, namely, meat, poultry, fish, milk and eggs. Vegans (vegetarians who do not eat any animal products including eggs and milk) must take vitamin B12 supplements in order to meet the daily requirements.

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1. Birth control pills for male help to lower leves of testosterone and other hormones in the blood, cutting down on sperm production. (temporary)

Condoms are a 'barrier' method of contraception. Made of very thin latex(rubber) and are designed to prevent pregnancy by stopping sperm from meeting an egg. (temporary)

Vasectomy. The tubes that carry sperm from a man's testicles to the penis are cut, blocked or sealed. (permanent)

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1.Postpartum depression is depression that occurs after childbirth due to the mood swings and a lot of emotions caused by the baby. It usually occurs 2-3 days after childbirth and can last up to years Rarely, an extreme mood disorder called postpartum psychosis also may develop after childbirth. Some symptoms are crying, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed and irritability.

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1. During IVF, matured eggs are collected from the female and fertilized by sperm in a lab. Then the fertilized egg is transferred to the uterus in the female. One full cycle of IVF takes about three weeks. Sometimes these steps are split into different parts and the process can take longer.

2. People choose this because some people are infertile. They can't get pregnant but want to be pregnant. IVF is done to help a female get pregnant.

3.
-multiple births
-premature delivery and low birth weight
-ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
-miscarriage
-egg-retrieval procedure complications
-ectopic pregnancy
-birth defects
-cancer
-stress

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https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/about/pac-20384716#:~:text=In%20vitro%20fertilization%20(IVF)%20is,by%20sperm%20in%20a%20lab.

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https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/

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Choose THREE forms of contraception that interest you:

1. How does the contraception work?

2. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the contraception you chose?

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Postpartum Depression:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

Paternity leave:

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/budget-2023-paternity-leave-doubled-4-weeks-government-paid-working-mothers-child-relief-3276511

Maternity leave:

https://www.madeforfamilies.gov.sg/parental-leave-and-benefits/government-paid-maternity-leave

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Alcohol:
https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/851/dont-toast-to-your-babys-health

Smoking:

https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/854/your-baby-smokes-when-you-smoke

Nutrition:
https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/928/pregnancy-nutrition-during-pregnancy-eating-right-for-two

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AIDS:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

Gonorrhea:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gonorrhea/symptoms-causes/syc-20351774

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1. How is the baby's development affected when a mother drinks/smokes?

2. Describe 3 nutrients and their functions that are essential for pregnancy.

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1. How does IVF work?

2. Provide one reason for why people choose to use this method

3. Provide one risk that comes from using this treatment

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1. What is postpartum depression?

2. What are the causes of postpartum depression?

3. How many weeks of paternity leave is provided?

4. How many weeks of maternity leave is provided?

5. Why do you think there is a difference in the number of weeks of leave between the mother and father?

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1. What causes the infection?

2. What are some of the symptoms of the infection?

3. How does the infection spread?

4. What are the long term effects of the infection?