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On Sunday, 25/6/2023, we studied a topic on the learning environment, which is the physical or virtual space in which the learning process takes place and has a significant impact on the process and the outside The results are by providing the necessary resources, tools and teaching materials , support and providing a favorable environment for students.

The common learning environments for us, less than a lot, finds itself in: (numerous classes, extraordinary and virtual straighters (online), mixed learning, and digital activities through compiral and mobile, .... etc.).

We also have informal learning that takes place in different places outside the classroom, such as home, workplace, social centers, etc.

However, the effectiveness of the learning environment depends on different factors, such as: (quality of teaching, student participation, available resources, alignment of the environment with the specific learning objectives and needs of the participants, both in the building and the classroom Oh, appropriate reading throat and Advanced laboratories, libraries, good cafeterias, water and electricity, workshops, technological facilities, linking education to student life, etc.)

This is in addition to the section (learning environment) which is related to:

- Having skilled teachers trained in new and effective ideas and methods in the teaching process.

- Having prepared and trained students on an appropriate educational and learning process from primary school to college and university.

- Having a strong relationship with the educational centers and students' families.

Unfortunately, many of these do not exist and are not available, if there are very few and not as necessary ..!!

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On Tuesday (20/6/2023) we conducted a practical lesson on (rubric), after teacher (Miran) previously and for himself (7) equal groups, each group consisted of (5) people.

He also defined a method for each group to write grading and evaluation criteria on this basis and according to a specific topic (after discussion and explanation).

The total assessment score should be on (20) points and divided into (5) criteria and each criterion should have (4) levels such as: (excellent, good, fair, poor).

The groups were as follows:

G1- Lab Experimentation

G2- Case Study

G3- Mind mapping

G4- Graduation Project

G5- Project based Learning

G6- Problem based Learning

G7- Filed trip

My comments on the performance and the subject of the groups in general:

1. Some groups had poor time management as always.

2. Some groups had written too many things in their applications, which is neither beautiful for presentation nor easy to absorb and implement is.

3- Some groups had very detailed the criteria of different sections, which is difficult for grading and the evaluators can not evaluate accurately to do it.

4. From the work of the groups, I found that this type of work (rubric) is very appropriate for some lessons and can be determined accurately and correctly. such as subjects (social, philosophical, scientific, medical, etc.). However, it is not suitable for some other subjects and does not have its own purpose, such as language subjects to be used for its literary field.

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Here I would like to focus on the three concepts of teaching (strategy + methods + style) and explain the interaction between them.

* Contemporary teaching strategies are based on four pillars:

1- Planning: = (lesson objectives + self-explanation, questioning, group + assessment).
2- Organization.
3- Ability.
4. The art of leadership.

* Old and new teaching methods are common in (plan + individual differences + motivation).

* Teaching strategies +Teaching methods + Teaching style should be separated.
Strategy = overall lesson plan.
method = the reason for the relationship between teacher and student to achieve the goal.
Style = teacher behavior, which varies from one teacher to another.

* Teaching strategy: The general framework of specific and general teaching measures, which are taken in order to achieve pre-planned goals, in the light of the specific abilities, skills and resources available n.

* Teaching methods: A series of mixed measures, techniques and steps, to achieve a number of specific educational goals ... such as the methods during the second module We studied theology course.

* Teaching style: It depends on how the teacher behaves and style in implementing the teaching method, which makes the style of each teacher is different from the other, which makes the teaching style is related to personal style and character Teacher's personalities.

Hopefully we have been useful.

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On Tuesday 13/6/2023, in Nali Hall - English Language Center Building (Sulaimani Polytechnic University), during the pedagogical course and within the framework of the second module (Innovative Pedagogy) and in the continuation of topics (teaching methods), Supervised by Dr. Miran Hama Karim. we practiced (8) teaching methods, by dividing the students into (8) groups of (4-5) students.

In this lesson we learned a lot of new topics, information, methods and techniques on teaching methods and how to implement them in practice in the classroom and by students.

The methods were as follows, with my own observations and understanding:

1-Construction of  Summaries by Students Method

This method relies on giving students an article to read several times within a certain period of time, then each of them summarizes the general lines, important points and main ideas in the paragraphs of the article, as well as the sections and points they find important , support and reinforce them with evidence, with reference to the genres (what, who, when, where, why, how) during his work.

2- Panel Discussion Method

This method was presented by our group, which consisted of teachers (Faridun, Abubakr, Dilshad, Sawen, Chawan).

Panel discussion method: A selected group of students discuss a specific topic in front of other students, either in the classroom or in the school hall in the presence of all students, supervised by the subject teacher and asked questions They are also asked questions by students.

This method is interactive because it involves discussion, asking questions, answering questions. Students present can record the main points of the discussion, the impact of the topic on their opinions and understanding.

3- Field Exercisec Method

This method is dedicated to field and practical exercises on the subjects studied in the classroom, so that students can put theoretical knowledge into practice in the field of reality and step by step to analyze the subject.

This method develops a spirit of cooperation, partnership and competition among students, but it is not suitable for every subject, it is better for those subjects that have the space to practice knowledge.

4- Class Discussion Method

This method, as the presenters mentioned, is more general and broader than panels, but is implemented in the same way as panel discussions.

Accordingly, panel discussion is part of class discussion.

5- Problem Solving and Case Study Method

This method involves identifying problems and looking for solutions and is especially good for subjects that

They contain thoughts and reflections, such as social and economic issues, etc., or scientific issues that require experimentation, analysis and examination.

Whether the problems are initial and have occurred for the first time and worked on to solve them, which is the aspect (Problem Solving), or they have existed before and worked on and found solutions, but work on them again with a new perspective and new techniques and be updated, This includes the (Case Study).

6- Academic Field Trips Method

This method is a lively, emotional and enjoyable method, students see and deal with things with their own eyes and other senses, provides them with more learning opportunities, is done in the field and practical and involves active participation.

This method is more suitable for social subjects (history, geography, archaeology, etc.) and applied sciences.

7- Blended Learning Method

This method is a combination of regular and face-to-face classroom learning, and informal (online) learning.

Other methods can be used in this approach, as well as various pedagogical modules.

8- Jigsaw Method

This method works on distributing the information among the students in the groups, so that one student in each group is assigned to do a section of the topic, then the colleagues of all groups are gathered in another group to discuss and summarize their information.

In this method, the number of groups must be equal, the student is the center, the teacher only plays the role of guidance.

However, working in this way is complicated and difficult and all this replacement of students and the creation of groups and assignments to students is not a simple and easy task.
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Overview of all groups

The positive aspect

1. All the groups provided us with new information and new things about teaching methods.

2. Some of them had created their slides with Google and Prezi, instead of PowerPoint, which was interesting.

3. The use of interesting and subject-specific images by some groups.

4. Some of the presenters had a good performance, well punctual.

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The negative aspect

1. Many groups had long texts on their slides that sometimes did not appear on the screen.

2. Some groups had unclear text on their slides due to small font size and inappropriate colors.

3. Some of the presenters had weak contact with the audience, and had their backs to the audience during the explanation. Some of them moved a lot, some did not move.

3. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods in the educational process are relative, not that one is completely good and the others are completely bad. The third group above had this view, which is contrary to logic.

4. Some of the presenters had very weak voices, so that you couldn't hear them unless you were close.

5. A couple of groups fell at the end of work, which made them less listened to and they were anxious and unenthusiastic about their subject.

6. Time was not at the service of most groups. This was partly due to the groups themselves, some of whom did not manage their time well, and partly due to the questions and answers, which I prefer to put questions outside the presentation time in such presentations.

7. The stage and the venue were not suitable because there were many tables, chairs and extra furniture, a narrow area ... that the groups did not rush to organize the venue and adapt it according to their work, because there was little time and many groups.

I hope everyone benefits

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Methods of Pedagogy
On Tuesday (6/6/2023) in the continuation of the discussions related to the second module (Innovative Pedagogical) we came to (Pedagogical Methods) and the teacher introduced us some methods and some tasks, to prepare and present them in groups or do it . . . .
However, as we have already explained, innovative pedagogy is a term used to study innovative teaching practices and learning outcomes and their impact on the teaching and learning process, taking into account the types of learners and adopting various activities and techniques in the field In teaching, such as: (Formative analytics ,Teachback ,Place-based learning, Citizen inquiry).

Innovative pedagogical methods refer to new, innovative and effective ways of teaching and learning that are different from traditional teaching methods, including the methods that the teacher introduced us to:

1- Flipped Classroom
This is different from the traditional method of teaching, students are given the necessary educational materials such as: sources of information, video, podcasts to prepare at home for the next lesson, then in the classroom, teachers each group is assigned to explain part of the lesson.
The teacher facilitates discussions, activities, and projects and allows students to apply what they have learned.

2- Problem or Project-Based Learning:
This project-based learning method involves students participating in a real project or problem and working in groups to research, develop and identify a solution to the problem or project.

3- Gamification & Game- Based Learning:
By using play tools and equipment within the framework of the education and teaching process. Play will help encourage students to learn and participate with the material. This makes learning more enjoyable and interesting.

4- Peer-to-Peer Learning:
It is a collaborative teaching approach in which students learn from each other, work in groups and review lessons. In this way, students can learn from the experiences and perspectives of their peers.

5- Fish bowls
This method was presented by a group of pedagogical course participants to discuss:
- Creative Teaching
- Creative Learning
- Teaching for Creativity

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Assessment Tools: Techniques used to assess teaching outcomes, learners' performance and understanding.
These tools are used in many areas to assess the performance of different aspects of the teaching process, such as: (Surveysm, Interviews, Observations, Experiments, Case studies, Performance assessments, Standardized tests, Rubrics, Checklists, Self-assessment tools).

These topics were studied in the lessons of Thursday (15/6/2023) and Sunday (18/6/2023).
There is no doubt that assessment is a formal and normal process and is carried out after doing a task or presenting a subject and lesson to students Receiving feedback on the lesson to determine the level of students' understanding, achieving the goals and messages of the lesson, ranking for students' abilities and levels, testing and grading, etc.).

I became familiar with the types of assessment, including:
1- Summative Assessment
2- Formative Assessment
3- Diagnostic Assessment
4- Confirmative Assessment
5- Norm-Referenced Assessment
6- Criterion-ReferencedAssessment
7- Ipsative Assessment
8- Interim/Benchmark Assessment

We have direct or indirect assignments, and each of (Knowledge), (Performance) and (Attitude) have different assignments and have their own characteristics, b Therefore, different methods and techniques must be used with them, which vary according to the subjects and lessons of study... For some Explanation is more appropriate and for some it is a choice, for others it is verbal or practical.

During the Assessment Tools topics, I was introduced to a useful topic such as Rubric, which is dedicated to evaluating the work of an individual or a group of students The value of a set of objects and their scoring during tests and doing various tasks ... Also learning how to make (Rubric ) Special to my lesson on (classroom)
In the meantime, the subject teacher divided the participants into groups of five people and instructed them to design each group according to the method he had determined for us Create a task on a subject and define its criteria carefully.
I went to G6 and we were assigned problem based learning.

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With in the framework of the pedagogical course, on Sunday, 4/6/2023, we started the second module entitled

(Innovative Pedagogy - Methods & Assessment Tools) presented by (Dr. Miran Hama Karim).

Venue: Nali Hall - English Language Center Building, Sulaimani Polytechnic University.

This topic, although common, was not new to me, because I had previously participated in several courses on (teaching methods) as a high school teacher. 10) We implemented practical teaching methods.

However, in terms of the concept of pedagogy, its departments, branches and consequences, as it is worked on in higher education, we heard and benefited from new things.

Pedagogy is a specialized academic educational process for the field and methods of teaching, aimed at learning and becoming familiar with teaching methods, student assessment tools and the learning environment.

We understood that innovative pedagogy refers to the study of innovative teaching practices and their impact on the learning process and the development of students with in-depth knowledge of subjects to develop their skills.

Examples of innovative pedagogy include formative analytics, teachback, place-based learning, citizen inquiry, etc.

What I noticed in this lesson is the distinction that must be made between cognitive, knowledge and skill... so that understanding of the subject falls into the category of knowledge and practice falls into the category of skill.

Also introduced to (21 Century Skills) which includes:

- Learning Skills

- Literary Skills

- Life Skills

From these skills, I came up with the following equation:

Innovation, which is the ultimate goal of the learning process, requires constructive critical thinking, finding problems and trying to solve them, interacting with the environment and building active teams, and taking the initiative and guiding colleagues and members team, which will enable you to play the role of leader and lead your team towards specific outcomes and goals, to achieve productive work and to innovate