# data[].attributes.body
In 1819, before the bill to make Missouri a state came to Congress, Representative James Tallmadge of New York proposed an amendment to the bill, stating that Missouri could join the Union only as a free state. Southerners protested this amendment as they question how Congress can decide whether a state should legalize slavery. They thought the people of each state should decide slavery.

This allowed the North to realize how slavery was unconstitutional and immoral, a belief and cause they had during the Civil war.

Southerners realized if Congress would end slavery in Missouri, it may end slavery in other places. However, if the South was not a minority in the Senate by having an unequal number of states with and without slaves, the South would be able to defeat any attempt to interfere with slavery. This balance was eventually broken, leading to the eventual Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1820, an agreement made by Congress in which Missouri was admitted to the union as a state with slavery and Maine was thus admitted as a state without slavery.

This showcased the compromises made to expand slavery for the South’s benefit while admitting states as free from slavery for the North’s benefits. Although this was a resolution to the conflicts of the North and South, it still did not address the issues of expansion of slavery to expand the South’s economy and the government’s power over territory which led into other conflicts.

# data[].attributes.body
Texas had now become independent after the victory of the Texas War for Independence. Most Texans that were American wanted Texas to be a part of the U.S. This caused many Americans to be divided whether to annex Texas. Southerners wanted to make Texas a state that legalized slavery while Northerners wanted to make Texas a state free of slavery. In 1845, Texas was admitted as the 28th state.

This was an example of Northerners and Southerners divided on the concept of slavery in territories. The debate reinforced the South’s interdependence on slavery and its expansion into new territory like Texas. Further, this brought out tension between the North and South, causing the growing divide that led to the Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal made in 1846 by David Wilmot to prevent slavery in the territory added to the U.S. as a result of the Mexican-American war. A proviso is a condition added to an agreement. It stated that “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist.” The South opposed Wilmot’s amendment as Southerners believed Congress had no right to decide where enslavers could take the people they enslaved as if the enslaved people were property.

This Proviso escalated the boundary between the North and South. The beliefs in the expansion of slavery as the proviso prohibited slavery in territories, causing outrage in the South. This outrage headed into other conflicts in relation to the idea of expanding slavery in territory, a debate that caused the outbreak of the Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
The compromises made in order to allow California to be in the Union as a state without slavery. These compromises included allowing New Mexico and Utah to decide their future with or without slavery, outlawing the trade of enslaved people in Washington, D.C., and creating a stronger law capturing fugitives from slavery. This was made by senator Henry Clay.

This addressed the expansion of slavery and opened the expansion to break tensions between the North and South. This divide caused anger between both sides, especially the South, as Southerners threatened to simply leave the Union and the South was wary of the Compromise of 1850. This resolution addressed the Fugitive Slave Act and its divide between the North and South. This compromise left both views with conflicts from the differing sides of the Fugitive Slave Act and expansion of slavery in new territories which led to the ultimate Civil war.

# data[].attributes.body
Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe about an enslaved black man, known as Uncle Tom, and his enslaver who whips Tom to death. This story was published in an abolitionist newspaper. In 1853, the story was published as a novel, causing an outrage in the North as many realized the cruelties of slavery from the South. The South considered the novel and author scorned and cursed.

This fueled the tension between the North and South. As the North realized the cruelties of slavery that the South committed to, their determination to oppose and stop the South grew. This debate about slavery escalated to the tension of the eventual Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced the bill, known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, in which Kansas and Nebraska territories were created, and abolished the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories. Northerners did not want the expansion of enslavement across the plains although Douglas thought the climates of Kansas and Nebraska were not suited for enslavement.

This established the divide between the North and South and their beliefs of allowing slavery in other territories. Although the South believed this policy was popular  sovereignty, the North was upset at the expansion of slavery that would spread across the nation. The questioning of whether slavery should expand to new territories marked the beginning of tension between the North and South which would be significant in the coming Civil War.

# data[].attributes.headline
Raid on Lawrence, Kansas/Bleeding Kansas = 1856

# data[].attributes.subject
Raid on Lawrence, Kansas/Bleeding Kansas = 1856

# data[].attributes.body
After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, settlers began to move into Kansas for different reasons like farming or supporting slavery. Kansas had two competing governments in the territory, one for slavery and one against it. This tension soon turned violent as pro slavery settlers invaded Lawrence, Kansas, or the home of the anti slavery government. This raid upsetted the North as their property was destroyed. An abolitionist named John Brown and his followers plotted revenge as he invaded the pro slavery settlement and killed five men they suspected to support slavery. This caused a Southern representative to attack a Northern senator out of rage in the political arguments stated.

This attack showcased the division of the nation as Southerners applauded the representative for defending the honor of the South while the Northerners viewed the beating as Southern brutality. This divide transcended to the violent behavior that eventually caused a Civil war.

# data[].attributes.body
The Dred Scott Decision is a Supreme Court decision in 1857 that stated that African Americans could never be citizens of the United States and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. This was stated after a slave named Dred Scott’s case in which he argued that his stay in Wisconsin made him free from slavery.
This caused debates whether slaves were human or property and if the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. A divide between the case and arguments caused more controversy and anger towards the South. Each compromise and decision made for and against slavery broke the once United States, eventually causing the South to secede and starting a Civil War. 

# data[].attributes.headline
John Brown’s Raid - Harpers Ferry = 1859

# data[].attributes.subject
John Brown’s Raid - Harpers Ferry = 1859

# data[].attributes.body
To stop the spread of slavery, abolitionist John Brown planned to seize and raid the federal arsenal to arm enslaved people for a rebellion that would end slavery. This scheme caused many of Brown’s men to die or be captured. The note he left caused white Southerners to live in fear as the South would die if enslaved people rebelled. Northerners viewed Brown as a hero.

This exemplified the anger and rebellion the North and enslaved people had, going so far as to launch a raid. This opened the South’s eyes to the violence that would occur when slaves rebel. Escalating in brutality and violence, tensions surged as the South found the attack threatening as they may die from the enslaved people’s revenge. As tensions rose, the South’s interdependence on slavery caused consequences between both sides that ultimately led to fighting and the Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
Abraham Lincoln was elected president due to the three way division that led Lincoln to victory. Lincoln won the presidential election with just 40 percent of the votes. The white Southerners thought this was a loss of liberty, property, home, and country. This anger caused the South to secede from the union. Two events consisting of senators fighting caused several Southern states to leave the United States. Lincoln believed that the secession was wrong and unconstitutional.

The South viewed the election of Abraham Lincoln as a threat to the South and its economy in its interdependence with slavery. The secession of Southern states in response to Lincoln’s election directly caused the Civil War.