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The Spanish's attempt to find protestants, and kill them.

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Dutch protestants rebel against spain, who control the netherlands at this point.

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1567 - The Duke of Alba and the Council of Troubles

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1567 - The Duke of Alba and the Council of Troubles

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Philip II sent the Duke of Alba to put down the revolt. He was defeated. The Council of Troubles, (nicknamed the Council of Blood) was set up to enforce catholicism and obedience to Spain.

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Dutch protestant refugees come over to England, as Elizabeth is symapthetic

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Ships carrying gold loaned to Spain from genoa are raided, and the gold is taken by Elizabeth

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Elizabeth offers a promise of marriage to the Duke of Alencon in the hopes that this would pressure Spain into giving the Netherlands their independence.

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Spanish forces in the Netherlands revolt and violently rob the country.

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The violence of the spanish fury united the netherlands, who drew up the pacification of ghent, a list of demands.

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Don Juan arrives in the netherlands and agrees to the terms of the pacification of Ghent

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6 months after Don Juan arrives, Phillip II sends a new army to attack the netherlands. In response, Elizabeth hires John Casimir, a mercenary, to raise 6000 Dutch troops to fight the Spanish. This army however, ravages the Dutch catholic churches, and forces the Dutch catholics to side with Spain. The Duke of Alencon helps the Dutch while Elizabeth hesitates.

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By 1579, the Duke of Parma is sent by the spanish to replace Don Juan. The Duke of Parma was a more effective military commander than Don Juan.

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Elizabeth agrees to give him £70,000 in support for his campaign in the Netherlands. He fails to defeat the Spanish, and returns in 1583.

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The Duke of Alencon died, and shortly afterwards, William of Orange, a Dutch protestant sympathiser was assassinated. this caused Elizabeth and her privy council to debate direct involvement.

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The French catholic league signed the Treaty of Joinville, which allied Spain and France against protestantism.

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Dutch protestants sent representatives to England, who offered Elizabeth sovereignty of the Netherlands. She refused, as she did not want direct involvement, but she did sign the treaty of Nonsuch, which effectively put England and Spain at war.

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Elizabeth agreed to fund an army of 7,400 troops to work with the rebels. She chose the Earl of Leicester (Robert Dudley), however he was not given enough money or troops to launch a full scale attack on Spain.

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After a few English captains defect to the Spanish side, the Dutch began to distrust the English, and Lord Dudley. In 1587, Dudley was called back to England and out of the Netherlands, due to a lack of supplies.