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Temazepam
Class: Benzodiazepines
MOA: Benzodiazepines increases the affinity of GABA throughout the CNS, resulting in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant and antiepileptic effects.

Indications: Insomnia, seizures ( short term use)

Signs & Symptoms: dizziness, worsening depression, confusion, anxiety, memory loss, hallucinations, behavioural changes
Drug-Drug interactions: antihistamines, antipsychotics, opioids, hypnotics
How to identify, prevent/ manage risks/ nursing considerations: reserve for short-term (2–4 weeks) or intermittent use only
Drug withdrawal chart
Sedation chart
Nursing education - no alcohol

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Drug class- Class is lll Anti-arrhythmic

MOA- It blocks potassium currents that cause repolarization of the heart muscle during the third phase of the cardiac action potential.

Indications-used for the treatment of recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia and recurrent ventricular fibrillation, high risk of sudden cardiac arrest.

Side effects- cough, dizziness, fever, tingling of fingers and hands, painful breathing, fainting.

Interactions-  Warfrin, diltiazem, disopyramide, atorvastatin, fluvastatin

Nursing considerations-  Not recommended in breastfeeding women
- Monitor blood pressure
-Check for hypersensitivity reactions
-Check respiration rate because that drug causes pulmonary toxicity.

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Something to consider : do we need to think about the patient's underlying condition such as renal function/ liver function when giving a loading dose? Or body weight? If so why??

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Potassium/Magnesium
Class: Potassium is a mineral and a electrolyte, meaning it conduct electricity.

MOA:
Magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of several bodily processes including blood pressure, insulin metabolism, muscular contraction, vasomotor tone, cardiac excitability, nerve transmission and neuromuscular conduction.

Indications for use:

Magnesium supports essential muscle and heart functioning  potassium benefits heart functioning by helping to control the activity of the heart muscle.

Signs & symptoms:

Constipation.

Feeling of skipped heart beats or palpitations.

Fatigue.

Muscle damage.

Tingling or numbness.

weakness.

feeling tired.

muscle cramps.

confusion.

constipation.

an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) – skipped heartbeats or an irregular heartbeat.

tingling or numbness.

increased urination

How to identify, prevent or manage risks/nursing considerations:

Monitor blood potassium levels.

Check renal function.

Review the patient's current medications.

Review the patient's diet.

Include or limit potassium in the diet.

Administer prescribed potassium with precautions.

Monitor strict intake and output.

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Temazepam
Class: benzodiazepines(sedative)
MOA: inhibits the effect of GABA throughout the CNS
results in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic,muscle relaxant, and antiepileptic effects

Indications for use:
short term treatment of insomnia

Signs & symptoms:
common:
drowsiness, sedation, effects on vision, tiredness, light headed ness, dried mouth, slurred speech, dependance

How to identify, prevent, or manage risks/nursing considerations:

life-threatening breathing problem
sedation and coma
compromise respiratory drive
struggle to swallow
dependence-physical and psychological , tolerance and misuse
renal impairment
contraindicated in hepatic impairment
increased risk of falls and over-sedation

practice point:
short-term (2-4 weeks) or intermittent use
withdrawal:
suddenly stopping,

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Amiodarone
Class:
MOA:
Indications for use:
Signs & symptoms:
How to identify, prevent or manage risks/nursing considerations:

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Amlodipine
Class: Calcium channel blockers - Dihydropyridines
MOA: blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium
Indications for use; works on cardiac smooth muscle to reduce arterial blood pressure and angina
Signs & Symptoms: headache-intracranial pressure, hypotension,dizziness, syncope, reflex tachycardia due to hypertension
How to identify, prevent or manage risks/nursing considerations: adapt the environment to reduce the risk of falls, monitor blood pressure and heart rate (ECG), encourage good fluid and food intake, adjust the dosage if required (communicate with doctor),

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Metoprolol
Class: Beta-Blocker
MOA: Blocks beta receptors in the heart and around the body to reduce HR, BP and cardiac contractility.
Indications for use:
- Hypertension
- Angina
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Myocardial Infarction
- Prevention of migraine.
Signs & symptoms: bradycardia, hypotension, alteration of BGL's, nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness, worsening of heart failure and fatigue.
How to identify, prevent or manage risks/nursing considerations:
- Monitor ECG and BP continuously during IV administration.
- Ensure pt.'s are haemodynamically stable.
- Start with a low dose and gradually increase to the highest tolerable maintenance dose.

--> Drug to drug interactions: some Calcium channel blockers.

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Note: Always consider:
Is there anything in the patient's condition/ past history that may increase the risks?

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This will be added once we get to it :)

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Compare and contrast the significant risks for each of the drug classes

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Compare and contrast the significant risks for each of the drug classes

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What were your significant risks? Why are they significant?
Do you understand the MoA of how the patient might develop the risk?
Did you need to go and look them up again?

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What would they be for this medication chart?

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How / why does it occur?
What are they and what signs and symptoms would we see?
What do we as nurses do;
- prevent and/ or manage these?