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1902: Establishment of the Cuban Republic

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1902: Establishment of the Cuban Republic

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In 1902, Cuba gained formal independence from the United States, marking the birth of the Cuban Republic. This pivotal event followed the end of the Spanish-American War, highlighting a new era where Cuba would embark on its journey as an independent nation.

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1933: Sergeant Fulgencio Batista Leads the 'Revolt of the Sergeants'

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1933: Sergeant Fulgencio Batista Leads the 'Revolt of the Sergeants'

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The 'Revolt of the Sergeants' in 1933 was a key military uprising, leading to the fall of the Machado government. Fulgencio Batista, then a sergeant, emerged as a significant political figure, effectively controlling Cuba through puppet presidents.

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1940-1944: Batista's First Term as Elected President

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1940-1944: Batista's First Term as Elected President

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Fulgencio Batista was elected president of Cuba in 1940, serving his first term until 1944. His presidency was marked by moderate progress in social policies, including the establishment of the 1940 Constitution which provided for land reform, public education, and workers' rights.

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1952: Batista's Coup d'état and Return to Power

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1952: Batista's Coup d'état and Return to Power

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On March 10, 1952, just three months before the scheduled presidential elections, Fulgencio Batista led a successful military coup, seizing control of the Cuban government for the second time. This event disrupted the democratic process and set Cuba on a path towards increased political instability and discontent.

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The Constitution of 1940, enacted during Batista's first presidency, is considered one of the most progressive constitutions of its time. It laid the foundation for significant reforms in labor, land, and education, setting a legal framework for a more equitable Cuban society.

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The Moncada Barracks attack on July 26, 1953, marked the beginning of the Cuban Revolution. Led by Fidel Castro, the failed assault against the Batista regime became a symbol of resistance and the birth of the 26th of July Movement.

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1953-1959: The Struggles and Policies of Batista's Regime

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1953-1959: The Struggles and Policies of Batista's Regime

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During his second term, Batista's government was characterized by increasing political repression, censorship of the media, and corruption. These actions alienated large segments of the Cuban population, setting the stage for widespread revolt.

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1958: U.S. Embargo on Arms Sales to Batista's Government

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1958: U.S. Embargo on Arms Sales to Batista's Government

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In 1958, in response to mounting international criticism of Batista's human rights abuses, the United States imposed an embargo on arms sales to his government. This marked a significant shift in U.S.-Cuba relations and weakened Batista's grip on power.

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In the early hours of January 1, 1959, Fulgencio Batista fled Cuba, effectively ending his dictatorial rule. His departure paved the way for Fidel Castro and the 26th of July Movement to take control of Havana and usher in a new era for Cuba.