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The short-term plan is implemented through the Federal Government annual budget.

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The short-term plan is implemented through the Federal Government annual budget.

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Cluster I - IV : National Development Planning (MALAYSIA)

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Cluster I - IV : National Development Planning (MALAYSIA)

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CHAPTER 5

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The top-down approach begins with the preparation of the macroeconomic framework by the central agencies, namely the Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department (EPU), Ministry of Finance and Bank Negara Malaysia. As the agency responsible for preparing the medium-term plan, EPU coordinates and recommends the macroeconomic targets as well as publishes the plan guidelines as reference for all ministries and agencies.

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Q1 :What is the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK-12)?

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Q1 :What is the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK-12)?

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Q2 : What are the main objectives of the Twelfth Malaysia Plan?

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Q2 : What are the main objectives of the Twelfth Malaysia Plan?

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1. To develop the rural sector

2. To diversify the economic activities and source of incomes

3. To improve the standard of living

-To reduce illiteracy

-To improve standard of health

-Reduce unemployment

-To eradicate poverty

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1. To emphasize large scale development

2. High priority to rural development and poverty

3. Establishing rural and agricultural related development institutions

4. Providing physical infrastructure

5. Implementing a diversified range of agricultural development programs

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1. Rural Industrials Development Authority (RIDA) was launched (later-MARA)

Objectives

To help Bumiputeras to become proficient traders and entrepreneurs

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1. To eradicate poverty

2. Restructuring Malaysian society - community identification according to economic sector does not exist

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Introduction of New Economic Policy (NEP)

Focus :

Creates communal unity among Malaysian citizens

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Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA)

Objectives

To open new land to resettle the poor

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To continue the previous objectives (intensifying development programs of land and opening new towns)

Eg :

-Kejora

-Ketengah

-Kesadar

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1. To emphasise economic growth

2. To integrate the people of the constituents’ states

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1. To downsize the current economic recession

2. To embark upon heavy industry’s sector (HICOM)

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1. Achieve economic solidarity

2. Ensure economic stability (speed up economic growth)

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1. To maintain rapid national economic development

2. To manage economic success

3. Prepare and give birth to an industrial society

4. Give new life to the expired NEP (New Economic Policy)

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To haste (speed up) industrial development program through the use of sophisticated technology

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1. Introduce District Development Guidebook - 1987 (RED BOOK II)

Improve the effectiveness of planning, implementation, administration and coordination machinery at every stage

2. PROTON enlarged its area of distribution

3. Tourism industry strengthen to increase national income

4. Declared 1990 VMY (Visit Malaysia Year)

the end of NEP (New Economic Policy)

Tourism focused plan

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1. To develop modern services sector

2. Encourage large scale industrial activities

3. Ensure economic transformation by improving the efficiency of labour and capital

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1. To change growth strategy from input-driven to knowledge driven

2. To expedite structural changes in the economic sector to strengthen socio-economic stability

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1. Give support to Non-governmental bodies involved in effort to eradicate poverty

2. Strengthen national unity

3. Increase efficiency through IT

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1. Eradicate poverty and restructure society

2. Extend of use of ICT (information and communication technology)

3. Upgrade the quality of life

4. Strengthen positive values and attitude

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To drive science, technology and innovation in raising capacity to meet more challenge and be more competitive with global environment

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1. To promote economic diversification and growth

2. Invest in infrastructure development (transportation, telecommunications, energy)

3. To improve social development (improving access to education, healthcare, housing and social services)

4. Implementing environmental sustainability (to protect natural resources, environment, to reduce impacts on climate change)

5. To strengthen Governance and institutional reforms

6. To promote digital transformation

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To aim at advancing Malaysia towards becoming a high-income nation by 2020.

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1. Strengthening Sectoral Growth and Structural Reforms

2. Accelerating innovation and technology adoption

3. Providing quality infrastructure

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1. Achieving high-income status -raising income of bottom 40% households

2. Ensuring inclusive and sustainable development

3. Enhancing economic competitiveness

4. Improving infrastructure

5. Promoting education and skills development

6. Building a progressive and inclusive society

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1. To achieve sustainable and inclusive economic growth

2. To enhance human capital development (improve education and skills training programs)

3. To improve social inclusivity and well-being (reduce poverty, inequality and social-exclusion)

4. To promote environmental sustainability (To protect the environment, Conserve natural resources and to promote sustainable development)

5. To enhance infrastructure development

6. To enhance government and institutional capacity (promoting transparency and combating corruption)

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1. Revamping the education system to significantly raise student outcomes

2. Raising the skills of Malaysians to increase employability

3. Reforming the labour market to transform Malaysia into a high income nation

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1. Create a united Malaysian nation

2. To cultivate a prosperous community

3. To form a progressive science community

4. To produce a Malaysian community that has freedom, strength and full of self confidence

5. To ensure the formation of a community with a fair economy

6. To cultivate a community that is caring and kind

7. To develop a mature, tolerant and democratic community

8. To form a community that has high moral, ethics and religious strengths

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1. To advance economic growth

2. To develop social environmental sustainability and governance

3. To become a high income nation

4. To increase economic empowerment (industrial revolution 40, digital economic, aerospace industry integrated regional development and sustainable energy sources and infrastructure connectivity)

5. To adapt and mitigate of climate change

6. To enhance societal values, improve purchasing power of the people, to build resilient Bumiputera community, to improve social security networks and wellbeing of people.

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1. Resetting the economy

2. To strengthen security, well-being and inclusivity

3. Advancing sustainability

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1. Developing future talent

2. Accelerating technology and innovation

3. Enhancing connectivity, and transport infrastructure

4. Strengthen the public services

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1. Opening of new land for agriculture by agencies

2. Improving land management and social development in rural areas through integrated development

3. Providing support services in marketing, research and development

4. Developing positive human attitude and values in the agricultural society

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1. Maximise income from the agricultural sector

2. Maximise income of small-scale farmers

3. Develop and increase yield and quality of major commodities with high export potential

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Industrial Master Plan (IMP) 1983

1. Use the manufacturing sector as a catalyst for industrial growth in the country

2. Encourage the full use of the country's natural resources

3. To raise the level of technology research and development (R&D)

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To promote export-led economy

To move into selected heavy industries

To strengthen technological & human resources

To modernise and reorganize small & medium-sized industries

To foster higher efficiency & competitiveness

To re-examine & amend regulations pertaining to investments

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1. Aims at creating close, meaningful, effective cooperation between the public and private sector.

2. Group of workers in both sectors play a part in contributing towards enhancing output to raise the productivity of a “Malaysian Company” or semi- government body that is jointly owned.

3. Symbolizes the readiness of the government sector to distribute business opportunities, join or cooperate with the private or public sector to organise effective services for the people in integrated manner.

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1. affirmative action programs

1. such as the New Economic Policy (NEP),

which provides opportunities for historically marginalized groups like the Bumiputera in education, employment, and business ownership.

2. Additionally, efforts focus on promoting interethnic harmony, fostering a sense of national identity, and ensuring equitable distribution of resources to reduce disparities among different ethnic communities.

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1. Poverty eradication and economic restructuring to eliminate the identification of ethnicity with economic function

2. Move the ratio of economic ownership in Malaysia

3. Redistributing the wealth to increase ownership of enterprise by Bumiputeras

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Rapid expansion of the economy over time & set it's target of substantially reduing the incidence of absolute poverty by 1990

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1. People first, performance now

2. Government transformation programme (GTP)

3. Economic transformation programme (ETP)

4. 10th Malaysia plan

5. Malaysia into a high income nation with sustainable growth, inclusivity, and innovation as its pillars.

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1. It sought to address issues such as

1. income inequality

2. brain drain

3. over-dependence on low-skilled labor

4. natural resources.

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To fullfill development requirements and create social integration and national unity

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1. The Cheeseman Plan (1945)

Instituted by the British but rejected by the Federal Legislative Council

2. The Barnes Report (1950):

About medium of instruction in school

Malay and English

3. The Fenn-Wu Report (1950):

About third medium of national-type schools

1. Chinese

4. The 1952 Education Ordinance

Set up to review the Barnes Report and the Fenn-Wu Report. Not implemented caused by economic recession

5. ⭐️The Razak Report (1956)

1. only one education system – the National Education System

2. two types of schools:

1. The public schools

using Malay as a medium

2. The public-type schools

using English, Chinese or Tamil

3. Malay and English to be compulsory in all schools.

4. Chinese and Tamil to be taught

1. (there were 15 or more pupils, or if requested by parents.)

5. Secondary schools

1. National secondary school

1. Malay- medium of instruction

2. English - compulsory subjects

2. National type secondary school

1. English - medium of instruction

2. Malay - compulsory subjects

6. The Rahman Talib Statement 1960 and Education Act 1961

1. The school-going age should be from 6 to 15 years old.

2. There should be two types of schools:

a) national schools

b) national-type schools

3. Malay as the national language to be taught in all primary schools, replacing English as the medium of instruction

4. Chinese and Tamil should be taught

(at least 15 pupils or should parents request for it)

5. In 1970, in the Peninsula:

Malay replaced English as the medium of instruction

In 1976, Sabah and Sarawak

The 1961 Education Act was extended with that a single national education came into existence.

7. Mahathir Report / Cabinet Committee Report (1979):

1. Development of science and technology

2. Development of moral values among the pupils

3. The New Primary School Curriculum (KBSR) in 1983

4. The New Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) in 1989

NOTE

1. Education 1961 – 1970

Improving the level of education in the rural regions

2. Education after 1970: Curriculum renewal and development of science and technology

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1. To strengthen national unity through culture

2. To foster and preserve national identity

3. To enrich and enhance the quality of human life in equilibrium with socio-economic development

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1. The national culture must be based on the indigenous culture of this region

2. Suitable elements from the other culture may be accepted as part of the national culture

3. Islam is an important component in the formulation of the national culture

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1. To build the potential and empower women from the different level of society and in all sectors as an agent for change for the society and contribute to the economic and social development of the country;

2. Provide conducive environment, including formulating policy and laws that are women-friendly, increase dignity and the well-being of women's life in all aspects including physical, economy, social, politic, health, psychology and spiritual

3. Cultivate gender equality culture at all levels of society and in all sectors

4. Ensure opinions and women's voices are accepted in the process of decision making at all levels

5. To achieve shared equality between women and men in getting and control of resources and the participation opportunity as well as enjoying the benefits of development

6. To increase and strengthen the sharing, fairness and equality between women and men in all aspects of life, to strengthen the family institution and developing the community and society.

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A policy prioritising family perspective in all socio economic development efforts to ensure quality generations

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To develop prosperous, healthy and resilient families to ensure social stability

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1. Each family has its own strengths and is responsible for the survival of future generations

2. Families are responsible for nurturing and internalisation of positive family values

3. Diverse family structures create differing needs

4. Strong family relationship, culture of sharing resources and mutual responsibilities ensure family wellbeing

5. Knowledge and information as the basis for family wellbeing

6. Family friendly legislations, policies and programmes

7. Family members have the basic right to protection and self-dignity

8. Employers commitment to ensure family wellbeing

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1. To establish a holistic and harmonious malaysian youth force imbued with:-

Strong spiritual and moral values

Responsible

Independent

Patriotic

2. Serving as a stimulus to the development and prosperity of the nation in consonance with the vision 2020

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1. Knowledge Development

2. Attitudinal Development

3. Vocational & Entrepreneurial Development

4. Inculcation of a Healthy Lifestyle

5. Facilities for Social Interaction

6. Partnership in Development

7. International Relations and Networking

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To establish a fully moral and ethical society whose citizens are strong in religious and spiritual values and imbued with the highest ethical standards

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1. Effective reduction of corruption, malpractices and abuse of power

2. Increase efficiency of the public delivery system and overcoming bureaucratic red-tape

3. Enchancing corporate governance and business ethics

4. Strengthening the family instituition

5. Improving the quality of life and people's well-being

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Policy of applying Islamic Values in Administration

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Policy of applying Islamic Values in Administration

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1. To create a proud Malaysian society that has a strong identity and respected by other societies.

2. To eliminate negative attitudes when carrying out duties or responsibilities.

3. To produce good quality service.

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1. Applicable

2. Fairness

3. Economic

4. Military Jurisprudence

5. Ethics

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Article 121 (1A) of the constitution of Malaysia

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Article 121 (1A) of the constitution of Malaysia

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1. State Law Matter Except Federal Territories

2. Muslims

3. Customary Laws

4. Sultans

5. Syariah Court

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Is an international nonprofit organization

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Founded in 1945

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Founded in San Francisco, United States