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The Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt, also known as the Tagalog Revolt, was an uprising in 1574 by Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Tondo, Manila. This revolt was caused by losing Sulayman and Lakandula's kingdom when they were defeated by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to accept the Spanish sovereignty on the promise that they would be well-treated by the Spaniards and would still retain some of their royal and political powers.

When Guido de Lavezaris replaced Legazpi as Governor General of the Philippines, he revoked their exemptions from paying tribute and confiscated their lands. Father Martin convinced Lakandula and Soliman to abort the revolt and promised to grant their privileges. Nevertheless, Soliman continued his revolt which was brutally crushed in 1574.

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Filipino nationalists revolted against the Spanish rule that had controlled the Philippines since the sixteenth century. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964), the 1896 revolt carried the Filipinos to an anticipated war with Spain and an unanticipated war with the United States.

In 1896 the armed struggle began in Manila and quickly spread throughout the country. Aguinaldo defeated Spanish forces in several battles and rose to become the leader of Katipunan. Aguinaldo had Bonifacio arrested and executed in 1897. When the United States and Spain went to war over Cuba, the Philippines joined the side of the U.S. On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippine islands, and in January 1899 he became the president. While the Filipinos believed that a U.S. defeat of Spain would lead to a free Philippines, the U.S. refused to recognize the new government. Outraged by the betrayal, the Philippine republic declared war on the United States. Emilo Aguinaldo, after fighting with the U.S. against Spain, was captured by the U.S. military in 1901 and declared allegiance to the United States. By the end of the Philippine War in 1902, more 40,000 Filipinos and 4,000 American soldiers were dead.

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Historians suggest that the roots of the Philippine revolution began with building of the Suez Canal in 1869. With access to Europe, Filipinos were exposed to new ideas about freedom and returned home questioning Spanish rule. In 1872, there was a small revolt in the Cavite Province which launched the revolutionary cause.

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Twenty years after the 1872 revolt, Filipino nationalists began to organize secretly. In 1892 Jose Rizal founded Liga Filipina, and in 1895 Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, a fraternal brotherhood of Filipino nationalists committed to independence. Emilo Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan in 1895 and became its leader in the Cavite Province. Once initiated, Aguinaldo became known as Magdalo, named after Mary Magdalene.

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The revolt of Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol. Was the longest revolt in the Philippines history. It lasted for 85 years. Dagohoy’s brother was killed in a duel w/ a rebel. The Catholic priest refused to give him a Christian burial. Dagohoy got angry and led his people in a revolt. They killed 2 priests in the island.

20 Spanish Governor Generals failed to stop this rebellion. 1827 – Gov. Manuel Ricafort ordered 2,200 Filipino Spanish troops to attack the Bohol patriots. But failed. 1828-1829 – another attack was made. After years of fighting the patriots were finally defeated. Dagohoy died 2 years before the Filipino Patriots were defeated. 19,000 survivors were pardoned and allowed to live in a new villages. (Batuan, Bililihan, Cabulao, Catigoian, Vilar.

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Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela Silang led this famous revolt in Ilocos. December 14,1762 – Diego Silang proclaimed the

independence of his people and made Vigan the capital of free Ilocos. May 28,1763 – D. Silang was killed by an assasin. Miguel

Vicos – the assasin who shoot Silang in his back. D.Silang died in the arms of his wife Gabriela.

Gabriela Silang – continued the revolt. - She won many battles. - She was called “Joan of Arc of the Ilocos”. - But Gabriela was defeated and executed at Vigan on September 10, 1763.

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The abuses of Spanish encomenderos (holders of encomienda) started this rebellion.. Some brave Pampangueno leaders plotted w/ the people in Manila to enter Intramuros and kill all Spanish officials there. But the plot did not succeed. Because a native Filipina married to a Spanish soldier reported it to the Spanish authorities. The masterminds were arrested and executed.

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It started in Cagayan and Ilocos . The Filipinos here revolted because of the abuses of the tribute collectors. They killed many Spaniards. Gov. Santiago de Vera pacified the rebel patriots. he pardoned many of them and improve their tax system.

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Visayan alcaldes mayor ordered to sent men to work in the Cavite naval shipyards. The Visayan men hated this order because they don’t want to leave their homes and families. Sumuroy – a native of Palapag, Samar, led them in an armed revolt. *June 1, 1649 – he and his men killed their priest because on those days Spanish priest was really like the government.

Sumuroy hated the system of POLO (forced labor). Sumuroy and his men set up a free government in the mountains of Samar. On July, 1650, the government troops attacked Sumuroy’s camp. Sumuroy was caught alive and executed.

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Filipino landowners in Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, and Laguna revolted against Spanish rule. àtheir revolt was due to the land grabbing by Spaniards who took over their ancestral lands. Lian and Nasugbu, the first spark of revolt. The Filipinos in this towns demanded the return of their land occupied by the Spanish priest. The Filipinos burned the local churches, looted the convents, ruined the ranches of the priest.

After some battles, the leaders were shot and exiled. Others were pardoned after they surrendered. King Philip IV ordered the priest to return the stolen land to the Filipinos. But the Spanish priest appealed the case and later won. During American Era, American

authorities bought the friar lands owned by religious orders. The land were subdivided and sold to Filipino farmers.

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This was the most unusual revolt in the Philippine history. It was all about the love for a homemade wine from sugarcane called basi. In 1786, the Spanish gov’t took over the making and selling of wine. They banned people from making wines. The Filipinos hated this order. On September 28, 1807, the rebels were defeated by Superior Spanish power. Many lives were unfortunately lost, all because of the love for drinking wine.

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Natives had various revolts against the abusive policies of the Spaniards.

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Natives had various revolts against the abusive policies of the Spaniards.

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1. OUR LOVE FOR FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE

2. ABUSES OF SPANISH ENCOMENDEROS

3. TIBUTE (RESIDENCE TAX)

4. FORCE LABOR

5. LAND GRABBING BY THE FRIARS

6. BASI (WINE) MONOPOLY

7. RELIGION

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The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule (1840-1841)

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The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule (1840-1841)

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Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule) - from Barrio Pandak, Lukban, Tayabas (Quezon) Apolinario started his own religion in Lucban, it was called the Cofradia de San Jose (Confraternity of St. Joseph). But the Spanish

officials did not allow any other religion. So they banned his religion. Thousands of Filipinos in Tayabas, Laguna, Batangas, and Manila had already joined it.

So the Spanish officials sent troops to break up the group. But Hermano and his followers took up arms and protect themselves. On October 1841 at the Alitao, near Mt. Cristobal the gov’t troops attacked their camp and killed many followers including old, women,and children. In November 4, 1841, Hermano Pule was executed in Tayabas. But this war not the end of the story. Many Filipino soldiers secretly planned to take

revenge on the hated Spaniards. The loyalist troops defeated the rebels after a bloody combat. Srg. Samaniego and 81 followers were shot at the Luneta at sunset on January 21, 1843.