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Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord 

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- Electrical impulses are transmitted through synapses by facilitated diffusion
- grey matter and white matter in the brain
- CNS and PNS
- stimulus and response

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- neurons carry electrical impulses as a result of a stimulus, differentiated cell used as part of the nervous system (structural and functional)
- synapses are the junction of neutrons cells
- synapses
- neurotransmitters- acetylcholine,
- There are types of neutrons: sensory, relay and motor.

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Controlled by the Brain
The nervous system is controlled by a series of electrical impulses
There are two system in the nervous system.

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kano                                     neuron transmit electron impulse(sodium and potassium ions)

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kano                                     neuron transmit electron impulse(sodium and potassium ions)

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axon, soma, dendries
CNS:brain and spinal/PNS:nerves connect to other part of body

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-receptors send impulse to the spinal cord
-spinal cord sends instructions to muscles
-muscles contract to get hand off hot pan

CNS
-brain
-spinal cord

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-There are the sensory neurones, the relay neutrons and the motor neurons.
- there is The Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system around the whole body
- the neutron consists of an axon which is coated with a myelin sheath
- Dendrite cells sends nerve impulses, and neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse to another neuron
- reflex arc is a result of nerve impulses
- calcium pump
- sodium potassium channels
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Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system: sensory receptor at effector organ sensory neuron motor neuron at receptor organ  relay neuron
White matter and grey matter?
Neuron, dendrite, myelin sheath: prevent leakage(use of lipid)
sodium potassium pump, resting potential, 2Na+in? 3K+ out?,
[IT'S THE OTHER WAY ROUND JAISHU]
polarization action potential: -50mv.
Brain section: cerebrum(memory?)

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What I know
We are given a stimulus that allows the neutrons in our body to transmit electrical impulses through the sensory neurones to the relay neurones present in the grey area of the central nervous system. It is passed to the motor neurones to the muscles in our body that cause us to retract our arm from the stimulus. For example a flame.

In our central nervous system; we have the brain, the spinal cord, the neurones.

Our neurones have a nucleus, an axon, a myelin sheath. Between neurones are synapses or synaptic terminals.

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K
- electrical impulse is transmitted
- sodium-potassium pumps are voltage-gated and is a form of facilitated diffusion
- chemicals can affect the movement of neurotransmitters across the synapse
- types of neurons: sensory, relay, motor
W
L

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- brain and spinal cord
- grey matter,white matter
- Axons, dendrites,synapse
- receptors
- central and peripheral
- neuron,

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- Synapses and connections with neurones
- Nervous system related to secretion of hormones
- Neurons and electrical impulses
- Stimuli and responses
- Grey matter
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What I Know
- Synapses are the junction between the nerve cells
- There are two types of nervous systems: CNS and PNS
- The structure of a motor cell: cell body, axon, myelin, nodes
- How the neurotransmitters releases the chemicals across the synapse to transfer the impulse
- For an impulse to occur, a stimulus must occur.

What I Want to know
- The role of the sodium-potassium pumps.
- Detailed process of how the neutransmitter works.
- What is an oscilloscope.
- What is polarization and depolarization?

What I Learnt
- The different stages the neurons go through when there is an electrical impulse such as action potential, refractory period.
- Effector and affector organ.
- What threshold is.
- The rising and falling spike in the oscilloscope is due to the polarization and repolarization.
- Polarization occurs in the resting potential.
- Depolarization occurs during the action potential. (Na+ gated channel opens to allow the influx of sodium ions thus the intracellular becomes more positive than the extracellular)
- Repolarization occurs when K+ gated channel open and allows the K+ to move out of the cell.
- There is a refractory stage (aka hyperpolarization) which is due to more Na+ going out of the cell which makes the inner cell more negative. This restores the resting potential.
- When a nerve impulse occurs, the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open which allows Ca2+ to flow inside the membrane and releases their neurotransmitters.
- The neurotransmitters will diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to the receptor sites on the membrane of the post synaptic neuron.
- This allows ions such as Na+ to diffuse into the neuron and makes the inner cell positive. This will then trigger another action potential and a polarization will occur in the post synaptic neuron.

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Central nervous system
Brain
Brain stem
Left Right

Spinal cord
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

Peripheral nervous system
All the nerves spread out throughout the body

Neurons
Axons, dendrites, axon terminal
Mylinated

Sensor neurons
Relay neurons
Motor neurons

Membrane potentials
oscilloscopes
Polarisation
changes in charges of the inside of the axon and the outside, from one end of the neuron to the other end

Repolarisation

Resting potential
Sodium Potassium channels
maintain the resting potential

Neurotransmitters at synapses
Calcium ions trigger the release of neurotransmitters
Receptors at each synapse

WELL DONE WILLIAM .... KEEP IT UP