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Federal Ministry. (2016, November 24). Twenty years of cooperation on keeping the Oder River basin clean. Retrieved from https://www.bmu.de/en/pressrelease/twenty-years-of-cooperation-on-keeping-the-oder-river-basin-clean/

Gruszka, P. (1999). The River Odra Estuary as a Gateway for Alien Species Immigration to the Baltic Sea Basin. Retrieved from http://www.reabic.net/publ/Gruszka_1999.pdf

Hydroelectric Power Plants. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lo9gim17.pl/download/presentations/prezentacja 2.pdf

Kowalczak, P. (2011, July 4). Water-related conflicts in urban areas in Poland. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626667.2011.572554

Markussen, M. (2005). Valuation and conservation of biodiversity: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the Convention on Biological Diversity. Berlin: Springer.

Moravian-Silesian Region. (n.d.). Agriculture – Basic Information and Legislation. Retrieved from https://www.msk.cz/en/zivotni_prostredi/agriculture-_-basic-information-and-legislation-64491/

NRK. (n.d.). Weather statistics for Oder River. Retrieved from https://www.yr.no/place/Poland/Other/Oder_River/statistics.html

Oder. (2018, July 23). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oder

Polish Poland. (n.d.). Poland. Retrieved from http://polishpoland.com/tag/oder/

Pruchnicki, J., & Parczewski, W. (2009, July 09). Oder River. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/Oder-River

Schernewski, G. (2005). Integrated Coastal Area - River Basin Management (ICARM): The Oder/Odra case study. Retrieved from http://www.astra-project.org/sites/download/OderCaseStudy.pdf

Witkowski, A. (2012). Ichthyofauna of Wrocław - the Odra River, its tributaries and the selected city reservoirs. Retrieved from http://rcin.org.pl/Content/34828/WA058_52853_P256-T55_Frag-Faun-Nr-1.pdf

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The Oder River is a major part of most of the people who live in the towns it flows through. Not only does it give them a source of water, but it also gives them a river capable of many fun leisurely activities. Many people boat through the canals of the Oder River, along with fishing in boats in the river. The river provides a beautiful sight for those who live near it or choose to visit it. There are also trails along the river that people walk, to enjoy the river.

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One regulating service the Oder River provides is regulation of water control. The Oder River is the main source of water for many towns it flows through. It regulates water flow by adjusting when snow melts, along with rainfall, and other sources of incoming water.

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Some provisioning services the Oder River provides are food and water. The food that the Oder River provides is fish from the river along with the plant life the river helps grow. The water the river provides is obviously the water that makes up the Oder River, this water can be used for many things like watering crops.

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The Oder River and the problems it faces is connected to Ready Player One by a theme found in the novel, technological advancements and their impact on the environment. The Oder River has been impacted by technological advancements in a rather negative way. Some technological advancements have increased the need for power which has increased the need for the power plant which is polluting the river. However, technological advancements can also help the Oder River in the future by allowing more renewable sources of energy to be advanced leading to a minimal need for the power plant. A technological advancement that could help is advancements in solar energy.

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Below is a video explaining simple ways people can save energy. This connects to my second solution for eliminating pollution in the Oder River.

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Another Solution to Pollution in the Oder River

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Another Solution to Pollution in the Oder River

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The first solution I suggested of switching from the power plants to solar power can still be implemented along with this solution. Another turn on eliminating pollution could fall onto those who live near the Oder River. People who live within the towns that the Oder River runs through, could be more cautious of disposing waste along with being more cautious of the amount of power they use. By being more cautious of disposing waste, this could prevent the waste getting into the river when a flood occurs. As for being more cautious with power, this could slow the need for the power plant, at least limiting the chemicals that are ending up in the river. These are two rather easy steps people can do to protect this river they rely on for many things.

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4 Ways To Save Electricity_01_TESLA-Institute

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Over harvesting of the Oder River has decreased many species that once lived within the river. As devastating as over harvesting is, it can be stopped or slowed for the time being. One solution to the over harvesting of species within the Oder River would be for Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic to put a limit out on the amount of fish/species harvested by each person. And along with putting that rule out, all three countries would need to regulate this, checking with fisherman, and others who engage in the harvesting to be sure that the limit is being followed. If one fails to follow this rule, the three countries could decide on an appropriate punishment, most likely a fine.

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Below is a video explaining the benefits of Solar Energy. These benefits all help the Oder River and the towns/people surrounding it. This is why my first solution could help.

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Five Benefits of Solar Energy on the Environment - ZEN Energy

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One Solution to Pollution in the Oder River

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One Solution to Pollution in the Oder River

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A solution to the pollution that has leaked into the Oder River would be to eliminate the power plants. The obvious challenge that comes with eliminating a power plant is that it would also be eliminating power, therefore shutting down many of the towns that rely on that source. But eliminating the power plant isn't the full solution. The solution to decreasing pollution in the Oder River would be to find a cleaner/renewable source of energy, this could be something like solar energy. Once there was enough solar panels to power the towns in which rely on the original power plant, then the power plant could be eliminated. Therefore eliminating a major pollutant of the Oder River.

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The soil along the Oder River are very clay and glue like, which means the vegetation is rather unique. The more fertile areas are more northern, here "sugar beets, wheat, malting barley, seed maize, oilseeds, vegetables and perennial fodder crops are grown" (Moravian). Animals that are most commonly bred here are dairy cows.

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The Oder River is home to many hydroelectric plants, these plants create the energy that powers the towns this river runs through. The river produces 9.8% of the 13.7 TWh a year Poland hydroenergy resources produce (Hydroelectric power plants). Water power is a renewable source of energy, so it is a very practical and not as damaging source of power.

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Below is a video of Atlantic Sturgeon being added into the Oder River on September 27th 2017, in an effort to restock the fish.

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The video below explains the affects of Oder flood, what is causing it, and how to prevent the severe damage that comes from it.

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For those who remember 1997, the upgrades point to a whole new relationship with the river. New lights and plantings along the banks will turn the Odra from something to be feared into something to be cherished. Anna Orynska is both a Wroclaw resident and tourist guide in the city. "The residents of Wroclaw have always been worried about the danger of flooding, even regular rain made them feel threatened. So its important for us to see that the threat no longer exists," she says. "Now the city faces the river with a new feeling of safety. Before, people were afraid of the Odra. It's so important for the residents, the strengthening of the embankments, the river channel; now we can enjoy the river."

For Jerzy Walczak, who runs a charter boat on the Odra, memories of the river's fury still burn bright. "It was a catastrophe for many people because they lost the work of their lifetimes. When I finally made it back from work to my apartment, I couldn't get out for three days. We lost power and we would sit and listen to the police patrolling in their boats in the streets."

Jerzy Walczak says he's seen a lot changes on the river already. And as the flood protection work gets wrapped up over the next few years, he hopes the Odra will become a place for swimmers, boaters and fishermen, instead of a force to be feared.

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Improving Poland's Odra River for Safety

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Wroclaw is Poland's 4th biggest city, a vibrant place with an old city center and a booming nightlife. The mostly tranquil Odra River slices through the center of Wroclaw. But the city and the Odra have had an uneasy relationship for centuries.

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Issues with the Oder River's water availability has to do with too much water, too little water, or too polluted water (Kowalczak). During droughts, groundwater decreases, also decreasing drinking water. When there is a flood that allows the chemicals on the surface to get into the river, and eventually into the drinking water as well. These chemicals often come from sealed areas that would not normally be leaked into the river however, when there is a flood it becomes out of control. The water availability decreases because the clean water that was available before flooding become unavailable due to the chemicals that now lurk in it.

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The Oder River water quality is threatened by many factors, leakage from cities, fertilizer from agricultural fields, and chemicals from power plants. That is only a small list of what threatens the Oder River. Although there are many things that affect this rivers water quality in a negative way, there have been steps to help the water quality of the river be better. For example, "Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic have been cooperating for 20 years on maintaining good environmental status in the water bodies of the Oder River basin (Federal ministry)." This includes working together to create a platform called ICPO,  International Commission on the Protection of the Odra against Pollution, and working passing many other forms to improve the water quality.

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Climate change has already begun to affect the species who rely on the Oder River. One example of this is that ducks are having to change there wintering patterns due to this climate change. As temperatures increase bottom-feeders are becoming more reliant on the Oder River because there is less ice while the piscivores are being driven away because they rely on that ice (Marchowski). Both an increase and decrease of two different species will greatly impact the ecosystems within the Oder River. With more bottom-feeders, such as the common pochard, the aquatic plants they eat will begin to decrease due to the large volume being eaten, and the lack of time to reproduce. Such a small change will quickly ruin the balanced ecosystem that lies within this river, all due to the increasing temperatures of climate change.

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There are some political issues when it comes to the Oder River because of different preventative actions to save the river. For example, " in 1989 Poland elected its first non-communist prime minister after 40 years of socialism (Schernewski)" which has lead to Poland still dealing with social changes to this day. They began struggling with economics so then conflict was on the brink because deciding where the money should go differs in many peoples opinions. The Oder River has part in the political conflict, because it is a major source in Poland, and it also must be taken care of and have some work put into it.

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Species within the Oder River have been threatened throughout the years for many reasons. The first threat these species faced was the "large-scale canalising of the river and partitioning the Oder and its tributaries with numerous dams, weirs and locks which started in the 19th century" (Witkowski). This is was only the beginning of what threatens species of the Oder River. Now these species face issues such as waste from power plants and exploitation. Fishing is very common on the Oder River. Due to these threats "Barbus barbus, Vimba vimba, Chondrostoma nasus, Silurus glanis, Aspius aspius" (Witkowski) species all remain on the brink of extinction.

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The most common species found in the river are eel and bream. Other common species are trout and salmon. However, the Oder River is home to many alien species such as  Marenzelleria viridis, Gammarus tigrinus, and Pontogammarus robustoides. (Gruzska) The Oder river is also a migration route for many fish species.

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There are dykes within the Oder River to regulate flooding. Flooding must be regulated because towns have been built around this river, and floods risk destruction. A large proportion of the grassland affected by the rivers flooding is used for agricultural activities such as, fodder production and grazing.(Markussen)

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One major threat the Oder River faces is the chemicals that come from the Opole Power Plant in Poland. Researchers found "glymes in the wastewater [from] the gas desulfurization process Solinox [which] uses a mixture of glymes as a physical absorption medium to remove sulfur dioxide from off-gases from the power plant" (Stepien). Glyme is used as a solvent in batteries. So when this chemical is entering the Oder River it is threatening many species, and it has the ability to threaten lives of those who rely on this river.

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Many people rely on the Oder River for many reasons including cultural and provisioning. The people who rely on this river the most are people who live in the towns the river runs through. In Poland these towns are "Opole, Brzeg , Oława , Jelcz-Laskowice, Wrocław, Brzeg Dolny, Ścinawa, Szlichtyngowa, Głogów, Bytom Odrzański, Nowa Sól, Krosno Odrzańskie, Frankfurt / Słubice, Kostrzyn, Cedynia, Gryfino, Szczecin." (Polish Poland) This is only the start of people who rely on this river. There are several other town's full of people who rely on this river in both the Czech Republic and Germany.  The river provides a source of leisurely activity along with  a source of water for the environment surrounding it, trading routes for boats, and a source of power. "450 hydro-technical objects, like weirs, flood-gates, water-power plants, polders, storage reservoirs and water swings have been inventoried in the river basin. 46 water power plants contribute to the energy supply and the 48 storage reservoirs possess a total volume of 968 million m." (Schernewski)

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The Oder River is a common form of transportation used to move goods. It "carries about 10 percent of the total tonnage handled by the port" in Poland (Pruchnicki). It is also used by barges in Eastern Europe. People are also able to use the Oder as a form of transportation or leisurely activity, through boats.

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The Oder River, on average discharges 20,270 cubic feet per second. (Oder) The Oder River receives, on average, 8mm of precipitation per month (NRK). Below is a video of the Oder River, taken in Wroclaw, Lower Silesian, Poland.

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Oder river, Wrocław, Lower Silesian, Poland, Europe

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The Oder River is a river in Central Europe. The river starts in the Czech Republic then flows through Poland and Germany. The river is 531 miles long.