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“‘Kill every one over ten’ - Criminals Because They Were Born Ten Years Before We Took the Philippines” ~ New York Evening Journal, May 5, 1902

This editorial cartoon was drawn in protest of the burning of Samar, in late 1901, during the American occupation of the Philippines. News of the campaign eventually reached the United States, and the commander, General Jake Howling Smith, faced a court martial in May 1902, on charges of conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline. During the trial it was revealed that Smith had ordered his soldiers to shoot anyone over the age of ten who had not surrendered, as potential enemy combatants. Smith, found guilty, was given a verbal reprimand and retired without further punishment

Source: Sociological Cinema

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Uncle Sam, wearing the badge “World’s Humane Agent,” considers what to do with the Philippines as Puerto Rico and Cuba look on, July 1898.

Artist: Charles L. Bartholomew, Minneapolis Journal

Source: Sociological Cinema

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Joshua Luna's cartoon about visual economy of race/ethnicity, identity

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“The eyes of the world are upon him.” In this 1898 U.S. political cartoon. President William McKinley is shown holding the Philippines, depicted as a native child, as the world looks on. The implied options for McKinley are to keep the Philippines, or give it back to Spain, which the cartoon compares to throwing a child off a cliff. Source: Minneapolis Tribune

Source: Sociological Cinema

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Political cartoon (1899) depicting the great hand of the United States smashing down upon Filipino revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo who led an uprising against the U.S. in 1899-1901.

Artist: Halrymple, PUCK Magazine

Source: Sociological Cinema

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This is a cartoon that argues against the pro-imperialist stance of incorporating the Philippines. The cartoon uses a racist portrayal of Filipinos as savages that could undermine the United States if it took the islands as a colony.

Artist: Charles Nelan, in “Cartoons of Our War with Spain”

Source: Sociological Cinema

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“OUR NEW TOPSY, TOPSY (Aguinaldo)–Is so awful wicked there cain’t nobody do nothin’ with me. I keeps Miss Feeley (Uncle Sam) a-swearin’ at me half de time. ‘cause I’s might wicked. I is.–Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

Artist: Victor Gillam, in Harper’s Weekly, February 11, 1899

Source: Sociological Cinema

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Joshua Luna captures the "school lunch" moment experienced by many Asian Americans.

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Identity, Colonial Mentality, Internalized Oppression

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Gender, Assimilation, Acculturation, Biculturalism, Hybridity