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Refugees, War, World Literature

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Sea Prayer: a 360 illustrated film by award-winning novelist Khaled Hosseini

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The Displaced | 360 VR Video | The New York Times

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MOOD empowers tweens & teens to manage BIG feelings with engaging music, animation and Mood Tools they can use, for FREE, every day!

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Mood Tools are practical and proven coping strategies that are easy to understand and use. Designed for tweens & teens struggling with everyday emotions, Mood Tools are a fast, easy, and memorable way to calm down and regulate emotions.

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Mood Tools are practical and proven coping strategies that are easy to understand and use. Designed for tweens & teens struggling with everyday emotions, Mood Tools are a fast, easy, and memorable way to calm down and regulate emotions.

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A FREE, innovative in-class program focused on emotional regulation and wellness. Designed for students in grades 5-9, Mood Classroom is built on proven psychological modalities made simple. Each turnkey, 15-minute, training-free lesson is engaging, relatable and practical-offering a unique way to help kids cope with emotions big and small.

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A FREE, innovative in-class program focused on emotional regulation and wellness. Designed for students in grades 5-9, Mood Classroom is built on proven psychological modalities made simple. Each turnkey, 15-minute, training-free lesson is engaging, relatable and practical-offering a unique way to help kids cope with emotions big and small.

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Inspiring the next generation of scientists, explorers, and conservationists by bringing scientific exploration and interactive resources into the classroom.

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What We Do

Since 2015 we've hosted 4,500+ live lessons, connecting over a million and a half students to scientists, explorers, and conservationists from 113 countries. Our live lessons and interactive resources will always be free for classrooms everywhere.

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Scientific Exploration and Interactive Resources for the Classroom

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Free lessons, events, and resources for classrooms to introduce students to challenging issues, exciting places and new STEM career paths.

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The first two editions of Elysium were published in the first and second year following the school's opening. We didn't have easy access to computer labs or knowledge of Adobe Software, but we managed to produce two fine issues of the magazine. The magazine was not continued after 1999 until Justin Danier-Best convinced the original sponsor, Mrs. Scott, to pick up the magazine again. Unfortunately, the complete files were lost, and all that we have to offer here are the front and back covers along with the staff page.

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The first two editions of Elysium were published in the first and second year following the school's opening. We didn't have easy access to computer labs or knowledge of Adobe Software, but we managed to produce two fine issues of the magazine. The magazine was not continued after 1999 until Justin Danier-Best convinced the original sponsor, Mrs.

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Experiments Collection | Science News Explores

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Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

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On view

Visit the Lemelson Hall of Invention and Innovation
As a public health precaution due to COVID-19, all Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo are temporarily closed. Draper Spark!Lab remains temporarily closed.
The Lemelson Hall of Invention and Innovation features:

Draper Spark!Lab, our hands-on invention workshop for children and families. Want to invent at home while Spark!Lab is closed? Check out the DO Try This at Home section of our website!

Places of Invention, an exhibition that explores what can happen when the right mix of inventive people, untapped resources, and inspiring surroundings come together.

Inventive Minds, a changing gallery that highlights the Lemelson Center's work on documenting inventors.
Location and Hours:
The Lemelson Center, the Lemelson Hall of Invention and Innovation, and Spark!Lab are located at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

Click for visiting information. Hours are subject to change for holidays, inclement weather, and urgent maintenance issues. Please check the museum calendar for updates.
Learn more about our exhibitions

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Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

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As a public health precaution due to COVID-19, all Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo are temporarily closed. Draper Spark!Lab remains temporarily closed. The Lemelson Hall of Invention and Innovation features: Draper Spark!Lab , our hands-on invention workshop for children and families. Want to invent at home while Spark!Lab is closed?

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers are advised that this resource contains images and voices of people who have died.
Earth is a dynamic place, with moving tectonic plates, environmental processes and human actions shaping its features.

Join Shona from Geoscience Australia and explore the formation of Australia's coastal, desert and mountain landforms and landscapes.

Discover how Earth's forces have created these landforms and the processes that continue to shape each landscape.

Investigate how humans use landscapes and create changes to the natural environment that may need to be managed over time.

Head out with some students from Canberra High School for some fieldwork activities and learn how to report your findings.

Table of contents:

1. Earth is moving

Have you ever felt the Earth move? Sometimes the Earth's crust can shift beneath us and cause hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis. Geomorphology is the study of these movements. It investigates how they form the physical features we see on the Earth's surface, such as mountains, ridges and valleys.

Shona from Geoscience Australia explains to us the role of tectonic plates in causing these movements and hazards. Tectonic plates have been moving for billions of years - colliding, separating or sliding against each other. The boundaries of these tectonic plates are where we find most geo-hazards occurring, in particular along the Ring of Fire, which is around the edge of much of the Pacific Ocean.

2. Landscape types

Our world is made up of many unique physical features. We can categorise these features into various landscapes such as coastal, mountain, desert and riverine by identifying landforms that are found in each. For example, a beach is a landform that is characteristic to a coastal landscape, and a valley is a characteristic landform found in a riverine landscape.

There are many processes that shape the Earth's landforms and landscapes. The interaction of tectonic plates, wind, waves, water and even plants and animals can alter a landscape. These changes can occur rapidly, perhaps due to a hazard or climatic event, or extremely slowly, such as through the creation of a karst landscape formed over thousands of years from dripping rainwater. All changes highlight the dynamic nature of our Earth's surface.

3. Coastal landscapes

Being an island, Australia is bordered by many unique coastal landscapes where the land meets the sea. When visiting a coastline, you may often comment on the weather, as you are more exposed to the force of the wind and waves, and the temperature and rainfall. Being exposed to these elements also has a significant impact on coastal landscapes.

Common coastal landforms such as cliffs, beaches, bays and rock formations are all shaped by three key processes. The process of weathering is when elements such as wind, rain or temperature weaken a landform, causing it to break down. Erosion is another process, which involves the removal of soil, sand or rock from a coastal landform. The final process, deposition, adds soil, sand or rock to a landform. Waves, wind, rain, plants and animals can all cause these processes to occur.

4. Twelve Apostles

The Twelve Apostles is an example of how dynamic our coastlines are. These stacks were originally part of mainland Australia, however, constant erosion from wind and waves created caves in the limestone cliffs. Over time these caves expanded into arches and eventually stacks, separated from the headlands. With two stacks crumbling earlier this century, only seven Apostles remain standing today.

The Eastern Maar peoples have lived in this area for tens of thousands of years. Steeped in history, this unique area is valued and protected as a marine national park. This prevents any damaging human activity from occurring that could disturb the environment.

Coastal management is often required when processes such as erosion or human activities are shaping the land dramatically. Management of the Twelve Apostles is necessary to handle the demands of tourism with purpose-built facilities such as boardwalks, kiosks, walking tracks and car parks, which aim to limit human interference with the natural environment.

Things to think about

1.Why would seeing a stack crumble be such a spectacle for a scientist studying geomorphology? Think about the time frame of their work.

2.What types of human activities are not allowed in a marine national park?

3.What should be respected and valued when visiting a marine national park?

4.Identify some positive and negative impacts of coastal management practices on visitors and the environment.

5. Deserts and semi-arid landscapes

The most significant characteristic of a desert is its dry environment. In these arid locations, it barely rains. Did you know that 70 per cent of Australia is classified as arid or semi-arid? There are 10 named deserts in Australia.

The processes of weathering, erosion and deposition shape desert landforms. This can happen due to strong winds that create rock formations, rivers that carve canyons or dunes accumulating more sand over time.

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in Central Australia contains two amazing landforms that have been shaped and transformed due to natural processes for more than 550 million years. Over time, changes to the management of these landforms have occurred to respect their cultural significance to Anangu, the traditional owners.

6. Uluru and Kata Tjuta

Uluru and Kata Tjuta are two prominent desert landforms in central Australia. Rising high above the land, they are constantly weathered and eroded, and they change over time. This occurs due to a variety of environmental processes such as temperature changes, which causes rock to crack, and rainwater run-off, which can shape the canyons and valleys in the rock.

The traditional owners, known as Anangu, view Uluru as an ancestral creation from the beginning of time that holds spiritual value. This creation period is known as Tjukurpa (pronounced "chook-uh-pah"), which is kept alive through ceremony, song, story, art and dance. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park is jointly managed by Anangu and the Australian government and is recognised as a World Heritage Site for its unique natural and cultural values.

7. Mountain landscapes

A mountain landform is defined as a place that rises at least 300 metres from the surrounding area. These prominent landforms are shaped by the force and movement of tectonic plates. When two plates collide, fold mountains may develop. Block mountains arise along fault lines in the Earth's crust, and volcanic mountains are formed when molten rock rises up and then hardens as it flows onto the Earth's surface.

The Great Dividing Range stretches along the east side of Australia and is the largest mountain landscape in the country. However, in comparison to mountain ranges on other continents, it is not very tall. Scientists theorise that the Great Dividing Range was formed when tectonic plates pulled apart, forming an expanding rift valley, and that over time the eastern side of the Australian continent was uplifted.

8. Mount Kosciuszko

Within the Australian Alps region of the Great Dividing Range stands Australia's highest mainland mountain peak, Mount Kosciuszko. The landform has been shaped by faulting, folding and erosion caused by the past movement of glaciers over the mountain. Kosciuszko National Park now has bowl-shaped cirque lakes that were scraped out by glaciers as they moved over the rocky surface.

Kosciuszko National Park holds significant value to many people. For thousands of years, it has been Ngarigo Country with particular sites recognised as gathering points for ceremony, trade, burials and marriages. The Australian Alps is heritage listed - with the wetland that includes Blue Lake and Hedley Tarn receiving international recognition as an important site. Furthermore, it contains Australia's main snowfields, bringing tourism to the area.

9. Human impacts on landscapes

Humans can alter and change landforms and landscapes by transforming them to suit their needs. For example, developing the land for housing, farms and mining disrupts natural systems and environments, but it is required to cater for our growing population. And in Australia, almost 90 per cent of the population lives in urban areas (towns and cities).

Humans can alter the natural flow of waterways and are responsible for human-induced climate change, which may rapidly increase the natural processes of erosion, deposition and weathering.

10. Introducing fieldwork

A key part of studying geography is conducting fieldwork to investigate our environment. In preparation for fieldwork, it is important to develop a research question and choose a site that is local and has been shaped by humans or natural processes. Think about how you would classify your site in terms of its landscape.

In order to investigate the fieldwork site in depth, it is helpful to develop some sub-questions and take along the materials you may need to measure, record and observe what you see. Once you have collated the necessary data, you will be able to put together your fieldwork information. This display or report will aim to answer the research question and all sub-questions using evidence such as photographs, maps, graphs and sketches.

11. Fieldwork activities

Preparing for fieldwork involves planning activities and actions that you may wish to conduct while onsite. Initially, it is helpful to research the site and collect some historical data from secondary sources . This information may guide the primary data you wish to collect and the tools or materials required to do so.

A field sketch is a very common fieldwork activity used to record what you see in the landscape. It includes annotations, which help to answer the research question. An activity survey provides data on how a place is used by humans. It requires observation of an area and a tally, which can later be represented graphically. Collecting photo evidence is also an important fieldwork activity, as it helps convey your research findings and is visually appealing. After each activity, you can summarise your findings by writing an answer to your specific sub-question. All this data and evidence will be collated onto your fieldwork display to help you answer your research question.

Acknowledgement and credits

Copyright
Metadata © Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2020 (except where otherwise indicated). Digital content © Australian Broadcasting Corporation (except where otherwise indicated). Video © Australian Broadcasting Corporation (except where otherwise indicated). All images copyright their respective owners. Text © Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Geoscience Australia and the Geography Teachers' Association of Victoria.
Made in collaboration with Geoscience Australia and the Geography Teachers' Association of Victoria.

With thanks to Shona Blewett (Geoscience Australia), Katrina Davey, Danielle O'Leary and Genevieve Newton (Geography Teachers' Association of Victoria) and Canberra High School.

Produced on Ngunnawal Country.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers are advised that this resource contains images and voices of people who have died.

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topic_aboriginal and torres strait islander history and culture

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aboriginal and torres strait islander history and culture

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Geography: Landscapes and Landforms - ABC Education

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers are advised that this resource contains images and voices of people who have died. Join Shona from Geoscience Australia and explore the formation of Australia's coastal, desert and mountain landforms and landscapes. Discover how Earth's forces have created these landforms and the processes that continue to shape each landscape.

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For many years, Netflix has allowed teachers to screen documentaries in their classrooms: https://help.netflix.com/en/node/57695 However, this isn't possible...

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I love middle school anthologies. The stories selected are usually interesting, engaging from the start, easy to understand, and brief-even by short story standards.

I like them regardless of the year they were published. I especially like finding an old one that I have never seen before. It doesn't matter if they are new and expensive, or second-hand and cheap, or what country they are for. It's always a treat to look through the table of contents of a middle school story collection.

Some of the books on this page blur the line between middle and high school, or might lean more to high school students. I don't know if these books were all published as school readers, but they are all of that type.

See also:

Here are some of the ones I've found, most of which I own. I hope you discover a new book of stories.

1. "Little Worlds: A Collection of Short Stories for the Middle School" contains 30 stories. Part 1 has 2 representative stories for each of the usual story elements of plot, character, setting and atmosphere, point of view, irony, symbol, and theme. Part 2 has a further 16 selections.

This book has a lot of often-seen stories, ( The Sniper, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, The Lottery, Miss Brill, The Gift of the Magi, The Monkey's Paw, The Story of an Hour, Through the Tunnel, To Build a Fire, The Necklace, & The Open Window) so it's great if you don't own many anthologies.

2. "Currents in Fiction" has 22 stories. According to my experience, 8 of them are more commonly seen and the other 14 are lesser-seen. After each story there are sections for questions for discussion, vocabulary growth, and suggestions for compositions.

3. "Stories to Remember" has 16 stories arranged in sections (suspense, mood, theme, the west, sports, young people, & the future). At the most I would only consider 5 of the selections to be common. A highlight for me was The Bishop's Silver, a part of the novel Les Misérables, sometimes excerpted as a short story. It's one of the most powerful and memorable things I've ever read. It also has sections of questions, vocabulary, and writing topics after each story.

4. "Stories to Enjoy" has 16 stories. I think my edition is the original because it only has 12. This collection is mostly lesser-seen selections. It has the same after-story features as the last book.

5. "Inside Stories Volumes 1-4" are UK published anthologies and, as such, contain lots of stories I don't usually see. Volume 2 has 26 stories and is aimed at ages 11-14. Volume 3 has 39 selections, some of them very short fables and parables, and is aimed at ages 14-16. Volume 4 has 45 selections, some of them very short, and is aimed at age 16 and up. I don't have volume 1.

6. "Inside Stories 1 & 2 and For Senior Students" is a different series from the one above and is published in Canada.

has 24 stories, many of which you probably don't see much if you're used to American anthologies. There are questions to consider after each. This one's special for me because it's the anthology that got me interested in short stories. When I was a kid I read The Veldt, Wish You Were Here, The Friday Everything Changed, The Interlopers & Barney in this collection. I still have fond memories of all of them.

has 31 stories and again many aren't commonly anthologized. Only 3 of the stories are ones that I see frequently. There are questions to consider for each story.

For Senior Students has 34 stories. Only 6 of them are really common. One highlight is that it has War by Luigi Pirandello, which a great story that isn't seen much.

7. "Breaking Free: A Cross-Cultural Anthology" has 31 stories and 12 poems. This one is also Canadian so many of the stories will probably be new to you. A highlight is Call Me, where two really busy people talk mostly through their answering machines and impersonal face-to-face meetings. Written over 25 years ago, it seems even more relevant now. Two other standouts are The Stolen Party and So What Are You, Anyway?

8. "Scholastic Read-Aloud Anthology" has 35 short selections-stories, poems, articles and other writings. Perfect for filling an empty 5-10 minutes. Geared towards younger students.

9. "Riveting Read-Alouds for Middle School: 35 Selections . . ." is like #8. A variety of selections with a teaching page for each.

10. "Short Stories: Characters in Conflict" has its own page.

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Short Story Collections and Anthologies for Middle School

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I love middle school anthologies. The stories selected are usually interesting, engaging from the start, easy to understand, and brief-even by short story standards. I like them regardless of the year they were published. I especially like finding an old one that I have never seen before.

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Science News Explores publishes news from all fields of science for students from middle school and up, with resources for parents and educators.

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Spectra Comic Book

Spectra 11: Super Special

Lucy and her Tesla Junior High classmates take a trip from Indiana to LIGO in Hanford, WA. Due to an unforeseen event, the laser goes offline right before the birth of a supernova. Follow spectra as she doubles up to undergo her biggest mission yet to collect gravitational waves from a rare exploding star. View Book

PhysicsQuest
PhysicsQuest
Access the PhysicsQuest 2020 activities to learn about force and motion and how it connects to the work of NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson. Activities include an experiment guide and videos relating to four amazing activities.
PhysicsQuest 2019: Dr. Wu's Secret Project
This year's PhysicsQuest features the "First Lady of Physics," Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu. Each free kit includes four experiments that introduce students to the basics of physics in a fun and approachable way. Download past activity guides from our archive.

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Spectra 11: Super Special Lucy and her Tesla Junior High classmates take a trip from Indiana to LIGO in Hanford, WA. Due to an unforeseen event, the laser goes offline right before the birth of a supernova. Follow spectra as she doubles up to undergo her biggest mission yet to collect gravitational waves from a rare exploding star.

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Periodic Table of Elements and Chemistry

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Award winning periodic table with user-friendly element data and facts. Cool online chemistry videos, dictionary, tools, etc.

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SDG Action is a resource for sustainability practitioners in all sectors and brings timely analysis of the most pressing challenges. Written by world-leading experts, SDG Action identifies opportunities and provides tangible ways to accelerate progress.

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The Robertson Program for Inquiry-based Teaching in Mathematics and Science

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Junior/Intermediate Math - The Robertson Program for Inquiry-based Teaching in Mathematics and Science

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All Number Sense Geometry and Spatial Sense Data Management Measurement Patterning and Algebra 21 Students aim to beat the dealer by getting as close to 21 as possible without going over.​ 99 In this collaborative game, students try to keep the cumulative total under 99 until the deck runs out.

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Over 1.1 billion simulations delivered

160interactive simulations

97language translations

3001teacher-submitted lessons

Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.

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Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.

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Over 1.1 billion simulations delivered

160interactive simulations

97language translations

3001teacher-submitted lessons

Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.

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Founded in 2002 by Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman, the PhET Interactive Simulations project at the University of Colorado Boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations. PhET sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, game-like environment where students learn through exploration and discovery.

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Ted Talk- Whole list with topics and descriptions

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Ted Talk- Whole list with topics and descriptions

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Presentation link- https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zdVTk9ZpoksbvMCJrX0v_ftzQ_Pf4UnqBWqFhp_dh6M/edit#slide=id.gdf3cc8a854_0_31

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Sustainable Development Goals: Taking Action in Our Classrooms with Jennifer Williams

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MYP Maths | Support and Resources for Teachers

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MYP Maths provides blog posts, forums, resources and external links to support mathematics teachers new to the MYP.

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User - Id: library@fountainheadschools.org

PW - 2018-19ADHYAYAN

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1L11qJcJt8wRmYKi6lnLE6n3F54DTlZdFLhWCP7W9Kzk/edit#gid=0

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Discover Mathigon, the Mathematical Playground. Learning mathematics has never been so interactive and fun!

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Kiddle is a safe search engine, offering a safe web, image, and video search. Results are vetted by editors.

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GRACE Gorilla Forest Corridor | Explore.org

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Watch live video of gorillas at the Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education Center (GRACE) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa. Watch as the gorilla's pass through, graze on vegetation, and make their nest for their overnight slumber

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Provides graphs & data

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Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2023

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The Atlas draws from the World Bank's World Development Indicators database, as well as from a wide variety of relevant data sources, including international organizations, scientists, and other researchers worldwide.

We hope readers will find this fourth edition in the Atlas series engaging and informative, and will be inspired to discover, understand, and visualize progress towards achieving the SDGs, adopted by all member states of the United Nations in 2015.

Check out this video introducing the 2023 SDG Atlas. Tell us what you think on Twitter or at data@worldbank.org.

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Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2023

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The Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2023 presents interactive storytelling and data visualizations about the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights trends for selected targets within each goal and introduces concepts about how some SDGs are measured.

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Eschooltoday | Learn something new today

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Learn something new today: A fun learning resource for you

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Find interesting lessons in science, environment, social, and health, all crafted with beautiful illustrations for easy understanding.

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Google has partnered with Pear Deck to create interactive presentations and vocabulary flashcards to accompany the Be Internet Awesome curriculum.

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Global Problem Solvers: The Series is a free program available from Cisco Corporate Social Responsibility to promote social entrepreneurship in the classroom

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We're unable to load this video, which may be due to your school blocking access to vimeo.com. You may be able to play the videos directly at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/gps.
If the problem persists, please contact us at 1-845-424-3700 or gpstheseries@cisco.com for assistance.

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We're unable to load this video, which may be due to your school blocking access to vimeo.com. You may be able to play the videos directly at: https://vimeo.com/showcase/gps. If the problem persists, please contact us at 1-845-424-3700 or gpstheseries@cisco.com for assistance.

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The Shakespeare Learning Zone gives you loads of information about Shakespeare’s plays.

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Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and died in 1616. Although his plays were written 400 years ago they are full of characters, dilemmas and stories we all still recognise. The Shakespeare Learning Zone gives you loads of information about Shakespeare's plays.

You'll find key facts, key scenes, pictures from past productions, videos of actors and directors working on and performing the plays AND find out about all the main characters and how they relate to each other.

Whether you want to know a little or a lot, this site has the information you need.

Just choose a play and enjoy!

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Shakespeare Learning Zone | Royal Shakespeare Company | Royal Shakespeare Company

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The Shakespeare Learning Zone contains loads of information about the story, setting and characters of Shakespeare's plays, with useful revision help and notes for teachers.

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Books for Gr 7-10 + Spotify audio books

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Welcome to our remote teaching resources for IB teachers' project. This website is brought to you by a group of experienced IB teachers who have volunteered their time and energy to create remote teaching resources to share with you, our global community.

On this site, you will find 'takeaways' designed specifically by our contributor IB educators for remote learning.

To use or adapt the resources as you see fit. Our aim is to make life easier for you at this unique time, but also for you to know you are working with other teachers in the same situation.

Click on the links at the top of this page to access resources to support your remote PYP, MYP, DP and CP teaching.

We are planning to update the website regularly and if you would like to receive updates as soon as they are posted, please fill out the subscribe form at the bottom of the page.

We welcome your suggestions for more resources for remote teaching, your questions and we invite you to join our collaborative project. Our project is 100% voluntary, all resources published remain the intellectual property of the creator(s) and you will be fully credited for your contribution through your photo and short bio item on your webpage. Please contact us

To our initial contributors: Dr. Rima Alkurdi, Rebecca Austin Pickard, William Beatty, Isabel Dykes, Zena Lawton, Niko Lewman, Krystal Romlewski, Glad Reed, Roz Trudgon, Carrie Turunen.

And, thank you to Grace Beatty for technical support with the creation of the website.

Kate Beatty

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Welcome to our remote teaching resources for IB teachers' project. This website is brought to you by a group of experienced IB teachers who have volunteered their time and energy to create remote teaching resources to share with you, our global community.

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News Site

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The Zinn Education Project is my compass in a sea of corporate textbooks, packaged common core curriculum and standardized testing. My entire curriculum is based on lessons that can be found on the Zinn Education Project.

High School Social Studies Teacher, Portland, Ore.

Your support is needed to help more students learn people's history. 100% of Zinn Education Project funding comes from individuals like you. Donate today.

By Ursula Wolfe-Rocca

From voter ID laws to voter-roll purges, gerrymandering to poll closures to the deadly in-person voting conditions during a pandemic, the right to vote is under attack and the stakes are high. It is critical that students learn about the fight for voting rights, past and present.

Nov. 30, 1924: Shirley Chisholm Born...

Teaching About the Violence in Palestine and Israel...

I can UNDERSTAND pessimism, but I don't BELIEVE in it. It's not simply a matter of faith, but of historical EVIDENCE. Not overwhelming evidence, just enough to give HOPE, because for hope we don't need certainty, only POSSIBILITY.

-Howard Zinn

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Zinn Education Project: Teaching People's History

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The Zinn Education Project promotes and supports the teaching of people's history in middle and high school classrooms across the country. Based on the lens of history highlighted in Howard Zinn's best-selling book A People's History of the United States, the website offers free, downloadable lessons and articles organized by theme, time period, and reading level.

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Be your best you!
Flipbook

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MathScienceMusic.org is a free toolkit for teachers, bringing together the best resources in math, science and music.

Designed for students, kindergarten through college.

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MathScienceMusic.org is a free toolkit for teachers, bringing together the best resources in math, science and music. Designed for students, kindergarten through college.

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Tinkercad | From mind to design in minutes

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Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use app for 3D design, electronics, and coding.

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Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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In this activity, students further explore the short film Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn, by working through the mathematical concepts behind George Beadle's claim that teosinte is the wild ancestor of maize.

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Empowering Educators. Inspiring Students. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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Our goal is to provide physics lab exercises that can be done simply, cheaply, and with minimal equipment. You can do this by purchasing a few basic things, or just checking your junk drawer.

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Our goal is to provide physics lab exercises that can be done simply, cheaply, and with minimal equipment. You can do this by purchasing a few basic things, or just checking your junk drawer.

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Virtual Nerd: Real math help for school and home

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Virtual Nerd's patent-pending tutorial system provides in-context information, hints, and links to supporting tutorials, synchronized with videos, each 3 to 7 minutes long. In this non-linear system, users are free to take whatever path through the material best serves their needs. These unique features make Virtual Nerd a viable alternative to private tutoring.

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Science videos

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The official website for NOVA. NOVA is the most-watched prime time science series on American television, reaching an average of five million viewers weekly.

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The best of Asian art at the tip of your fingers for use in the classroom or at home. Explore Resources. School Programs. For Teachers. For Families.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Discover new books for teens and fans of young adult literature, connect with your favorite authors, and read books for free at RivetedLit.com.

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Free Audio Books! Books Should be Free. Best Online Audiobook Downloads for Android, iPhone & mp3. Listen to Audible & Talking Books on Tape. eBooks in English, French, Spanish, Tamil, Portuguese, German & more.

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UN SDG Action Campaign, uses the power of immersive storytelling to inspire viewers towards increased empathy, action and positive social change.

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United Nations Virtual Reality (UNVR), a project implemented by the UN SDG Action Campaign, uses the power of immersive storytelling to inspire viewers towar...

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Welcome to geographypods.com.

This site contains a vast range of dynamic and effective teaching and learning resources suitable for geography students aged 11 - 16 years old. Please use the menu at the top to navigate to the section you need. ﻿

Grade 6 - 8 (KS3) - 11 - 14 years old

Grade 9-10 IGCSE (KS4) - 14 - 16 years old

For IB DP resources, please visit www.ibgeographypods.org where you will find:
​
Grade 11 - 12 IB/AS/A2 (KS5) - 16 - 18 years old.

You can also use the home menu above to find out a little more about the author, Matt Podbury, with links to Twitter, Facebook and the geographypods YouTube video account as well as a bank of free photos and training materials for classroom resources. Please get in contact if you need further information or wish to provide feedback as well as reporting broken links.

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Welcome to geographypods.com. This site contains a vast range of dynamic and effective teaching and learning resources suitable for geography students aged 11 - 16 years old. Please use the menu at the top to navigate to the section you need.

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What you will find on this website:

International Baccalaureate DP Geography

Internal assessment guidance

IB Geography Extended Essay

Geographical skills

IGCSE Cambridge Syllabus

Key Stage 3 lesson plans

Geography YouTube Channel

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The Geographer Online is a free geography teaching and resource website for the International Baccalaureate (IB), IGCSE CIE and A Level. Contents include: lesson ideas, presentations, skills, syllabus, revision activities, EE and IA guides.

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As the world turns its attention to the centenary of the Great War of 1914-18, the EMPIRE, FAITH & WAR project aims to commemorate the remarkable but largely forgotten contribution and experiences of Sikh soldiers.

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Answer the question: What's It Like Where You Live? Learn about terrestrial biomes and aquatic ecosystems. Follow link to site about plants.

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Welcome to LCIS Individuals and Societies. This website was produced by the LCIS Humanities team between 2017 and 2019. As of September 2019 the website will no longer be updated, it is now archived as a resource for future teachers and students.

Richard Jones-Nerzic, September 2019.

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Welcome to LCIS Individuals and Societies. This website was produced by the LCIS Humanities team between 2017 and 2019. As of September 2019 the website will no longer be updated, it is now archived as a resource for future teachers and students. Richard Jones-Nerzic, September 2019.

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The ultimate resource for studying History. Thousands of history class resources for students and teachers, including examples, explanations, worksheets, lesson plans, worksheets and more.

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A few years ago, I was delighted to see an geographer's rendition of what a satellite image of California would have looked if such a thing existed in the 1800s (figure 1). Back then the southern San Joaquin Valley was swampy wetland surrounding Lake Tulare, the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. In the late 1800s, canals and dams were created to divert water from the rivers that fed into the lake to go supporting agriculture and the metropolitan areas of California. As the very shallow lake dried up, the lakebed was converted into was converted to agricultural land, mainly under cotton cultivation.

California and much of the wast have had far more precipitation than expected on the heels of years of drought. The existing canals and reservoirs in the watershed are overflowing and the dry lake bed with fields is getting flooded again; water doesn't care about what is there now, it just flows downhill. Enter the 2023 version of Tulare Lake flooding farmland, roads, railways, towns, and other expensive infrastructure.

While it won't return to its historic levels with one year's snowpack, it's likely that 100,000 acres (150 sq. miles) of farmland will be under water for two years, possibly more. This is a relatively lightly populated region, but some cities like Corcoran, CA (22,000 people) are on the edge of the old lake bed and might need to be partially evacuated as levees have failed to stem the tide.

Agricultural companies and local towns are both trying to protect their lands from flooding to protect their infrastructure, equipment, homes, and people. At times, these goals are at odds with one another, and armed guards are protecting levees and hydrologic projects. Below are two videos that are good introductions to the topic of the reemergence of Lake Tulare.

Questions to Ponder: How has agriculture and urbanization modified your state's geography? What are the positive impacts of these modifications? What are potential negative consequences of these modifications?

TAGS: environmental modification, California, environment.

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Supporting geography educators everywhere with current digital resources.

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Our website uses cookies to understand content and feature usage to drive site improvements over time. To learn more, review our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Spotlight on Classroom Resources

OER Project materials provide a view of the larger world to your students, preparing them for college, career and beyond.

A course that asks big questions about our Universe, our planet, life, and humanity.

Covers Big Bang to the present

Adapts for grades 6-10

More than 50 lesson plans across 10 units

62 videos, 117 texts, 40 activities

Three courses to meet your needs: Origins to Present, 1200 to Present, and 1750 to Present.

Aligned to the vast majority of world-history state standards

Designed for high school

More than 30 lessons

More than 60 videos, 180 texts, 180 activities

A new take on climate education, developing critical thinkers and impatient optimists.

21 lessons across 5 units

Flexible materials for easy modification

Designed for grades 6-12

13 videos, 15 texts, 29 activities

Join OER Project

Join OER Project to get instant access to all of our courses and materials for free with absolutely zero hidden catches.

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OER Project's free, online social studies and world history curricula are aligned to state standards and develop key historical thinking skills.

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Teaching Units/Lesson Plans Impact of Globalization on Urban Poverty W. F. Santiago-Valles, Ph.D. Project Director Globalization, Language, Literacy Yvette D. Hyter, Ph.D., CCC-SLP Project Co-Director Globalization: Introduction - Unit 1 Globalization: Introduction - Unit 2 Globalization: Introduction - Unit 3 Ryan Bailey, Joy Bailey & Jen Heymoss Globalization and Oral Traditions Dr. Charmane Echols & Deb Jackson Diversity, Language, and Communication Katie Smoes, M.

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Video lessons teaching digital skills

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Access the Applied Digital Skills Curriculum - Google Applied Digital Skills

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The Applied Digital Skills curriculum contains blended learning courses and free resources for middle school, high school, college and continuing ed students to build computer literacy for future education and jobs.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Approaches to Learning (ATL) Training IB MYP

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ATL: The Big Picture - overview of designing an ATL skills programme by Lance G King

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Google Arts & Culture

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Historic Moments - Google Arts & Culture

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Each exhibition tells a story using documents, photos, videos and in some cases personal accounts of events.

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Variety of games, and homework help for children about mapping and geography.

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This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. Leveled by

Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary

A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface. Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way. They teach about the world by showing sizes and shapes of countries, locations of features, and distances between places. Maps can show distributions of things over Earth, such as settlement patterns. They can show exact locations of houses and streets in a city neighborhood.

Mapmakers, called cartographers, create maps for many different purposes. Vacationers use road maps to plot routes for their trips. Meteorologists-scientists who study weather-use weather maps to prepare forecasts. City planners decide where to put hospitals and parks with the help of maps that show land features and how the land is currently being used.

Some common features of maps include scale, symbols, and grids.

Scale

All maps are scale models of reality. A map's scale indicates the relationship between the distances on the map and the actual distances on Earth. This relationship can be expressed by a graphic scale, a verbal scale, or a representative fraction.

The most common type of graphic scale looks like a ruler. Also called a bar scale, it is simply a horizontal line marked off in miles, kilometers, or some other unit measuring distance.

The verbal scale is a sentence that relates distance on the map to distance on Earth. For example, a verbal scale might say, "one centimeter represents one kilometer" or "one inch represents eight miles."

The representative fraction does not have specific units. It is shown as a fraction or ratio-for example, 1/1,000,000 or 1:1,000,000. This means that any given unit of measure on the map is equal to one million of that unit on Earth. So, 1 centimeter on the map represents 1,000,000 centimeters on Earth, or 10 kilometers. One inch on the map represents 1,000,000 inches on Earth, or a little less than 16 miles.

The size of the area covered helps determine the scale of a map. A map that shows an area in great detail, such as a street map of a neighborhood, is called a large-scale map because objects on the map are relatively large. A map of a larger area, such as a continent or the world, is called a small-scale map because objects on the map are relatively small.

Today, maps are often computerized. Many computerized maps allow the viewer to zoom in and out, changing the scale of the map. A person may begin by looking at the map of an entire city that only shows major roads and then zoom in so that every street in a neighborhood is visible.

Symbols

Cartographers use symbols to represent geographic features. For example, black dots represent cities, circled stars represent capital cities, and different sorts of lines represent boundaries, roads, highways, and rivers. Colors are often used as symbols. Green is often used for forests, tan for deserts, and blue for water. A map usually has a legend, or key, that gives the scale of the map and explains what the various symbols represent.

Some maps show relief, or changes in elevation. A common way to show relief is contour lines, also called topographic lines. These are lines that connect points that have equal elevation. If a map shows a large enough area, contour lines form circles.

A group of contour line circles inside one another indicates a change in elevation. As elevation increases, these contour line circles indicate a hill. As elevation decreases, contour line circles indicate a depression in the earth, such as a basin.

Grids

Many maps include a grid pattern, or a series of crossing lines that create squares or rectangles. The grid helps people locate places on the map. On small-scale maps, the grid is often made up of latitude and longitude lines. Latitude lines run east-west around the globe, parallel to the Equator, an imaginary line that circles the middle of the Earth. Longitude lines run north-south, from pole to pole. Latitude and longitude lines are numbered. The intersection of latitude and longitude lines, called coordinates, identify the exact location of a place.

On maps showing greater detail, the grid is often given numbers and letters. The boxes made by the grid may be called A, B, C, and so on across the top of the map, and 1, 2, 3, and so on across the left side. In the map's index, a park's location might be given as B4. The user finds the park by looking in the box where column B and row 4 cross.

Other Map Features: DOGSTAILS

Along with scale, symbols, and grids, other features appear regularly on maps. A good way to remember these features is DOGSTAILS: date, orientation, grid, scale, title, author, index, legend, and sources.

Title, date, author, and sources usually appear on the map though not always together. The map's title tells what the map is about, revealing the map's purpose and content. For example, a map might be titled "Political Map of the World" or "Battle of Gettysburg, 1863."

"Date" refers to either the time the map was made or the date relevant to the information on the map. A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. and 1,000 B.C.

Noting a map's author is important because the cartographer's perspective will be reflected in the content. Assessing accuracy and objectivity also requires checking sources. A map's sources are where the author of the map got his or her information. A map of a school district may list the U.S. Census Bureau, global positioning system (GPS) technology, and the school district's own records as its sources.

Orientation refers to the presence of a compass rose or simply an arrow indicating directions on the map. If only an arrow is used, the arrow usually points north.

A map's index helps viewers find a specific spot on the map using the grid. A map's legend explains what the symbols on a map mean.

Map Projections

Transferring information from the spherical, or ball-shaped, surface of Earth onto a flat piece of paper is called projection. A globe, a spherical model of Earth, accurately represents the shapes and locations of the continents. But if a globe were cut in half and each half were flattened out into a map, the result would be wrinkled and torn. The size, shape, and relative location of land masses would change.

Projection is a major challenge for cartographers. Every map has some sort of distortion. The larger the area covered by a map, the greater the distortion. Features such as size, shape, distance, or scale can be measured accurately on Earth, but once projected on a flat surface only some, not all, of these qualities can be accurately represented. For example, a map can retain either the correct sizes of landmasses or the correct shapes of very small areas, but not both.

Depending on the map's purpose, cartographers must decide what elements of accuracy are most important to preserve. This determines which projection to use. For example, conformal maps show true shapes of small areas but distort size. Equal area maps distort shape and direction but show true relative sizes of all areas. There are three basic kinds of projections: planar, conical, and cylindrical. Each is useful in different situations.

In a planar projection, Earth's surface is projected onto a plane, or flat surface. Imagine touching a globe with a piece of cardboard, mapping that point of contact, then projecting the rest of map onto the cardboard around that point. Planar projections are most accurate at their centers, where the plane "touches" the globe. They are often used for maps of one of the poles.

Imagine you wrapped a cone around Earth, putting the point of the cone over one of the poles. That is a conical projection. The cone intersects the globe along one or two lines of latitude. When the cone is unwrapped and made into a flat map, latitude lines appear curved in circles or semicircles. Lines of longitude are straight and come together at one pole. In conical projection, areas in the mid-latitudes-regions that are neither close to the Equator nor close to the poles-are represented fairly accurately. For this reason, conical projections are often used for maps of the United States, most of which lies in the mid-latitudes.

For a cylindrical projection, imagine that Earth's surface is projected onto a tube that is wrapped around the globe. The cylinder touches Earth along one line, most often the Equator. When the cylinder is cut open and flattened into a map, the regions near the Equator are the most accurate. Regions near the poles are the most distorted.

Surveying and Remote Sensing

Cartographers rely on survey data for accurate information about the planet. Surveying is the science of determining the exact size, shape, and location of a piece of land. Surveyors gather information from regions both above sea level and beneath bodies of water.

Surveying can be done on foot. Surveyors use many instruments to measure the features, or topography, of the land. A compass, measuring device, and theodolites are often used by surveyors doing field work. A theodolite is an instrument that measures angles. A surveyor may calculate the angle of hills, valleys, and other features by using a theodolite, which is usually mounted on a tripod, or three-legged platform.

Today, many surveyors use remote sensing to collect data about an area without actually physically touching it. Sensors that detect light or radiation emitted by objects are mounted to airplanes or space satellites, collecting information about places on Earth from above. One method of remote sensing is aerial photography, taking photographs of Earth from the air. Aerial photography has eliminated much of the legwork for surveyors and has allowed precise surveying of some places that are impossible to reach on foot. Satellites, spacecraft that orbit Earth, perform remote sensing. For example, Landsat, a satellite that circles Earth 14 times a day, transmits huge volumes of data to computers on Earth. The data can be used to quickly make or correct maps.

How Maps Are Made

Before making a map, cartographers decide what area they want to display and what type of information they want to present. They consider the needs of their audience and the purpose of the map. These decisions determine what kind of projection and scale they need, and what sorts of details will be included.

The language of the map is one thing a cartographer must consider. A blind reader needs a map that has information in braille, for instance. The audience for a map can determine how widely a map is used. A map might use red and green symbols to show the location of maple and pine trees. This information might be easily displayed in a simple legend. However, such a map could not be used by people who are color-blind.

Lines of latitude and longitude are mathematically plotted on a flat surface. Features are drawn in their appropriate location.

Before the development of advanced computer and printing techniques, maps were drawn by hand. Cartographers would draw, or scribe, the map on a sheet of coated plastic with a special etching tool, scraping away the colored coating to leave clear, sharp lines. Several different sheets of plastic were layered on top of each other to add shading and place names. The plastic sheets were used to make a metal printing plate, or proof, for publishing the map.

Today, most mapping is done with the help of computers. The coordinates of every point are entered into a computer. By feeding new data into the computer or deleting old data, map changes can be made quickly and easily. Colors can be changed, new roads added, and topographic features, such as the flow of a river, altered. The new map can then be printed out easily.

Types of Maps

Cartographers make many different types of maps, which can be divided into two broad categories: general reference maps and thematic maps.

General reference maps show general geographic information about an area, including the locations of cities, boundaries, roads, mountains, rivers, and coastlines. Government agencies such as the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS) make some general reference maps. Many are topographic maps, meaning that they show changes in elevation. They show all the hills and valleys in an area. This is useful to everyone from hikers trying to choose a route to engineers trying to determine where to build highways and dams.

Thematic maps display distributions, or patterns, over Earth's surface. They emphasize one theme, or topic. These themes can include information about people, other organisms, or the land. Examples include crop production, people's average income, where different languages are spoken, or average annual rainfall.

Many thematic maps are now made with the help of geographic information system (GIS) technology. GIS are computer systems that capture, store, and display data related to positions on Earth's surface. This technology combines information from maps with other data about people, the land, climate, farms, houses, businesses, and much more, allowing multiple sets of data to be displayed on a single map. Many industries and governments use GIS technology for analysis and decision making. For example, GIS data helps officials determine which streams are most in danger of being polluted. It can also help a business decide where to locate a new store.

History of Mapmaking

Through the ages, maps have taken many different forms. The earliest maps were probably sketches made on the ground that showed the surrounding area. People native to the Marshall Islands used palm fibers to show wave patterns between islands in the Pacific Ocean. They used seashells to represent islands. Inuit fishermen in the Arctic carved pieces of driftwood to show coastal features. One of the world's oldest existing maps was found on a stone tablet in Spain. It dates back nearly 14,000 years.

The ancient Greeks are usually considered the founders of scientific cartography. Greek scholars knew the general size and shape of Earth, and they developed the grid system of latitude and longitude. Eratosthenes, who lived from about 276 to 194 B.C., calculated the size of Earth using mathematics and observations of the sun. Claudius Ptolemaeus, or Ptolemy, was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer in the second century A.D. He brought mapmaking to a level of precision that would not be seen again until the fifteenth century. He combined all his knowledge about the world into a book called Geography.

In Europe during the Middle Ages, cartographers drew maps reflecting their religious beliefs. These maps were generally simple and sometimes fanciful. The city of Jerusalem, holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, was sometimes placed in the center.

Many medieval European maps with Jerusalem at the center are called T&O maps. The mass of land was represented as a round wheel encircled with a single round ocean, the "O" of the T&O. The land encircled by the ocean was divided by a "T" into the three continents known by medieval European cartographers: Asia was the large land mass above the T, Africa and Europe were the two smaller sections on either side of the T, and Jerusalem was at the center. The T-shape splitting the continents was composed of the Mediterranean Sea (between Europe and Africa), the Nile River (between Africa and Asia) and the Don River (between Europe and Asia). The Nile and the Don meet in a single line to form the top of the T.

During these Dark Ages in Europe, Arab scholars kept scientific cartography alive. They preserved the works of Ptolemy and translated them to Arabic. Arab cartographers produced the first reliable globe of the Western world.

During the Islamic Golden Age, Arab cartographers used complicated mathematical and astronomical formulas to help them determine different map projections. In 1154, the scientist and cartographer al-Idrisi made a map of the world that was better than the world maps Europeans were producing. Al-Idrisi's map included a representation of the entire continent of Eurasia, including Scandinavia, the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Sri Lanka, and the Black and Caspian Seas.

In the fifteenth century, cartography in Europe improved. The development of printing and engraving meant maps that had previously been painted by hand could be copied more quickly. Around the same time, sailors began traveling farther on the oceans. They added newly discovered lands and more detailed coastlines to their maps. Explorers brought back descriptions of the interiors, as well as the coastlines, of continents.

Europeans explored much of the Americas during the sixteenth century, Australia in the seventeenth century, and Antarctica was finally sighted in the early nineteenth century. At this point, fairly accurate maps of the entire world were beginning to be assembled.

In the nineteenth century, cartography became more advanced with the development of a printing process called lithography. Lithography allowed cartographers to make many accurate copies of maps with less labor and expense.

Photography, color printing, and computers all improved mapmaking even more. In just a few decades, the relationship between people and maps changed drastically. For example, instead of using paper street maps, many people navigate using GPS units that communicate with satellites to determine their exact location on Earth. Digital versions of maps can represent Earth in three dimensions, defying the limitations of the flat maps of the past. Almost the entire surface of Earth has been mapped with remarkable accuracy, and this information is available instantly to anyone with an internet connection.

Interactives

Maps

Websites

Credits

Media Credits

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Writers

Kim Rutledge
Hilary Costa
Erin Sprout
Santani Teng
Melissa McDaniel
Diane Boudreau
Tara Ramroop
Jeff Hunt
Hilary Hall

Illustrators

Mary Crooks, National Geographic Society
Tim Gunther

Editors

Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing
Kara West

Educator Reviewer

Nancy Wynne

Producer

Caryl-Sue, National Geographic Society

Sources

Dunn, Margery G. (Editor). (1989, 1993). "Exploring Your World: The Adventure of Geography." Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.

Last Updated

Jan. 21, 2011

User Permissions

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Text

Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Interactives

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives.

Writers

Kim Rutledge
Hilary Costa
Erin Sprout
Santani Teng
Melissa McDaniel
Diane Boudreau
Tara Ramroop
Jeff Hunt
Hilary Hall

Illustrators

Mary Crooks, National Geographic Society
Tim Gunther

Editors

Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing
Kara West

Educator Reviewer

Nancy Wynne

Producer

Caryl-Sue, National Geographic Society

Sources

Dunn, Margery G. (Editor). (1989, 1993). "Exploring Your World: The Adventure of Geography." Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.

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This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. Leveled by Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface. Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way.

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Access thousands of primary sources - letters, photographs, speeches, posters, maps, videos, and other document types - spanning the course of American history. We're always adding more!

Borrow from an ever-expanding collection of document-based activities created by the National Archives, and teachers around the world. Copy and modify activities for your students.

Create your own activities using the online tools. It's as simple as: (1) selecting a tool, (2) choosing your primary sources, and (3) customizing instructions. Learn more >

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Access thousands of primary sources - letters, photographs, speeches, posters, maps, videos, and other document types - spanning the course of American history. We're always adding more! Borrow from an ever-expanding collection of document-based activities created by the National Archives, and teachers around the world. Copy and modify activities for your students.

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Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans

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Reading Worksheets, Spelling, Grammar, Comprehension, Lesson Plans -

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Reading worksheets and articles for parents and teachers, covering sight words, vocabulary, reading comprehension, grammar, and other reading essentials.

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TeachersFirst's research unit on biomes provides an introduction to the major biomes, a format for a research project, and suggestions for web-based research on each biome.