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Face to face
Written
Electronic

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Technological breakdown
Language
Cultures
Long chain of command

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If the message is not clear, making decisions can be really slow and this can have a very big impact on the business.m

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the message that a manager wants to transmit to the workers may not be clear and this would lead to worst quality products and would result in customers being unsatisfied.

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Contract of employment:

Workers are entitled to a contract of employment. This is a legally binding agreement between employer and employee. It is likely to contain details of the job.

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Chain of Command
Span of Control

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Directors
Managers
Supervisors
General Staff
Operatives
Professional Staff

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Gossips and rumours

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Formal communication in a business is when people use recognised channels

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Step 1: Identifying a vacancy
Step 2: Job analysis
Step 3: Prepare job description and person specification
Step 4: Advertise
Step 5: Evaluate and shortlist
Step 6: Interview (optional)
Step 7: Evaluate and select
Step 8: Provide feedback (optional)

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Autocratic Style
Democratic Style
Laissez-Faire

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Workers from the same level in the hierarchy exchange feedback and ideas

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Production

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Marketing

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Finance

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Workers give information and feedback to their superiors (managers)

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Business Influences

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-Increased recruitment, training and selection costs
-New staff may not integrate well
-New staff may require time to adapt

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-New ideas
-Increase competency
-Helps organisation meet equality laws

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Business Activity

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Delegation
Job Enrichment
Job Rotation
Company Car
Quality Circles

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Managers/directors give information or instructions to their subordinates.

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-Lack of new ideas
-Less potential candidates
-Another vacancy will be opened up
-Can cause tension between staff because of competition.

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Piece-rate payments
Commissions
Time-rate payments
Profit Sharing
ETC.

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-Little advertising costs.
-Vacancy filled quickly
-Staff more motivated
-Reduced training costs
-Staff already know the employee that is being promoted

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1. Downward
2. Upward
3. Horizontal

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1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
2. Herzberg
3. Adams Equity

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Human Resources

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Induction Training
On-the-Job Training
Off-the-Job Training

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Demonstration
Apprenticeships
Coaching
Distance Learning
Role Play & Simulation
Presentations
Virtual Learning Facilities
Work Based Qualifications