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1. Name: Muhammad bin 'Abdullah bin' Abdul Muttalib bin Hashim
2. Date of birth: dawn Monday, 12 Rabiulawal / 20 April 571M (known as the year of the elephant; in conjunction with the events army of elephants Abraha who attacked the city of Mecca)
3. Place of birth: The house of Abu Talib, Makkah Al-Mukarramah
4. Name of the father: 'Abdullah bin' Abdul Muttalib bin Hashim
5. Name of Mother: Aminah bin 'Abdul Manaf

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He is the final prophet of God, Muhammad’s revelations were transcribed into the Muslim holy book, the Qur’an. Muhammad’s visions for the life and conduct of all Muslims, through the Five Pillars of Islam: Faith, Worship, Fasting, Almsgiving, and Pilgrimage. would be modeled after his own life and conduct. Muhammad began his leadership through his ability to unify a divided and warring region and different groups of people through one belief, Islam.

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This expression contains a key word “lead” which means “to show the way”. It is a quality of a person who can drive people forward with a view to achieve a common goal, like a captain on a ship, commander in chief of Army Forces, and CEO of a company etc. There are some general inevitable characteristics that an individual must possess to be able to become a successful pioneer, such as confidence, honesty, communication skills, empathy, optimism, encouraging, intuition, acting as a role model and so on. For Muslims, no one has ever come closer to Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) in having headship distinctiveness and they consider Muhammad S.A.W as the greatest reformist and leader.

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Allah SWT has regarded Him (PBUH) in the Holy Quran in these words:

“There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.” [Quran, 33: 21]

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Abdullah bin Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said,

“All of you are shepherds and each of you is responsible for his flock. An Imam is a shepherd and he is responsible for those in his care. A man is a shepherd in respect of his family and is responsible for those in his care. The woman is a shepherd in respect of her husband’s house and is responsible for what is in her care. The servant is a shepherd in respect of his master’s property and is responsible for what is in his care. All of you are shepherds and each of you is responsible for his flock.”

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When the Holy Prophet (PBUH) arrived in Madina, he declared brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar in the house of Hazrat Anas ibn Malik. There were ninety men – half of them from the Muhajirin and half of them from the Ansar – and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) declared brotherhood between them in charity and benevolence, and made them to inherit from each other in case of the death of any of them, in preference to their next-of-kin. This continued until the Battle of Badr took place, when Allah revealed:

“And blood relations among each other have closer personal ties in the Decree of Allah (regarding inheritance)…” (33:6)

, returning the right of inheritance to the next of kin, rather than those joined in brotherhood.

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When Muhammad arrived in Medina in 622, local tribes, mainly the Banu Aus and Banu Khazraj, had been feuding for several decades. Muhammad addressed this by establishing the Constitution of Medina: a document which regulated interactions between the different factions, to which the respective parties agreed. This was a different role for him, as he had remained only a religious figure during his time in Mecca. The result was the eventual formation of a united community in Medina, as well as the political supremacy of Muhammad

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CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DURING THE DAYS OF RASULULLAH SAW