# data[].attributes.body
Definition

Boiling- The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into vapor

Melting- The temperature at which a given solid will melt

How it's used in real world

Boiling- Cooking or Sugar Refining; once a sugarcane is harvested and the juice is extracted, it has to be refined so it can produce crystalline sugar. During the process, the cane juice is boiled, and the temperature at which it boils will depend on the sugar concentration. It can also measure the saturation of the solution which is important for crystallization.

Melting- Workmen melt the solid metals to make it easier to mix and shape the manufacture of alloys. Cooper- gold alloy is used in the making of jewels for decoration, and nickel- chrome alloy is used in the making of heating coils. The materials with high melting points are valuable for making the products which need to resist high heat. Tungsten has an extremely high melting point, and it is used in the filament in light bulbs.

Human/Global Impact

Boiling- When heat is added to water at boiling point, vapor will appear at the surface, while bubbles of gas are formed throughout the water, but the water's temperature won't rise. All added energy is absorbed in the water, transforming it from a liquid to a gas.

Melting- Many nations are at serious risk of sea- level rise because of the climate change. Also the melting glaciers will affect the drinking supplies of the millions of people who rely on meltwater rivers.

Relationship to Chemistry

Boiling- As temperature increases, there is an increase in movement of molecules and groups of atoms within the molecules. The boiling point of a compound is a measure of strength of intermolecular forces. In order to break the intermolecular attractions that hold the molecules of a compound in its liquid state, you need to increase their kinetic energy by raising the temperature to the characteristic boiling point of the compound.

Melting- In melting points, the particles in a solid are held by intermolecular forces. To convert the solid into a liquid, you have to overcome the intermolecular forces.

How it relates to Water Cycle

When water is boiled and heated up, the molecules evaporate. The particles in the structure excite and break off. The water then freezes again and turns into a precipitate form and the cycle continues.

Sources

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/are-effects-global-warming-really-bad

https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/Intermolecular_Forces/Boiling_Points

http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/water-3-melting-and-freezing/

Video Link

Boiling

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-wXWMSvZmO0aVNlVWpLMS1qV1U/view

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-wXWMSvZmO0VWt4ZTctUDAtS0U/vi

Melting

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-wXWMSvZmO0Tlg3ckRRcllzWWM/view

# data[].attributes.body
Definition

The tension of the surface film of a liquid cased by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which minimizes surface area.

How it's used in real world

The separation of oil and water, used in cooking is caused by the difference in the surface tension of the two liquids

Also on the outside cover of tents; When water is on it, the surface tension doesn't allow the water to pass through the holes in the tent cover. But if you touch the cover while the water is on it, you break the surface tension and the water slips through.

Human/Global Impact

Global- The shape of liquid droplets, they are pulled into a spherical shape because of the imbalance of cohesive forces on the surface layer

Human- Human fluids make certain proteins that play a role in the function of organs. It also has to do with the development of psychological states.

Relationship to Chemistry

Surface tension is the energy, or work required to increase the surface area of a liquid due to intermolecular forces. Since this depends on the nature of the liquid or the solutes, each solution has different surface tension properties.

How it relates to water cycle

The property of the surface of a liquid allows it to resist its external force, because of the cohesive nature of its molecules. The cohesive forces between liquid molecules are are the reason for surface tension.

Sources

https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Properties_of_Liquids/Surface_Tension

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4401165/

http://surfacetension1.weebly.com/-surface-tension-in-everyday-life.html

Video Link

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-wXWMSvZmO0dzh4WlpjcjJ5Tms/view