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The road to creating and determining ethics in the field of psychology has been long, gruesome, and horrific by many accounts. The human desire to know and understand more ran untampered for centuries, and in many instances took shocking forms during the pursuit for knowledge. The instances mentioned on this assignment represent our group's collective shocking moments throughout history in the field of psychology. While it is beyond unfortunate for the victims exposed to such horrific practices, these moments of tragedy are what helped to inspire and shape the code of ethics implemented today, created to protect the rights of the patient, and ensure balance, to prevent the mistakes of the past from repeating themselves.

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Dyani: Torturous Eugenics Experiments of the Holocaust (1935-1945)

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Dyani: Torturous Eugenics Experiments of the Holocaust (1935-1945)

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These experiments were the most shocking to me, because they were literally physical, emotional, and mental torture to the "non-aryan" prisoner of war victims who were unwillingly used during these tests. The main purpose was to derive the limits of human tolerance in multiple different capacities. Subjects were starved, drowned, dehydrated, subjected to unnesessary surgeries and operations, physically and mentally tortured, etc... all over a period of ten years until around the end of WWII.

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Purpose: Electric shock is used as an aversive stimulus in behavioral testing with humans and other animals, including invertebrates. Aversive stimuli function as a type of negative reinforcement: The frequency of a measured behavior increases in order to end or avoid the aversive stimulus. Electric shock is favored as an aversive stimulus because it is easily quantifiable; can be manipulated to have discrete or gradual onset and offset; and (at levels typically used in research) does not cause physical damage to the subject. The disadvantage of electric shock includes the fact that it can be painful and is an “unnatural” stimulus (i.e., not normally experienced outside the laboratory). Electric shock stimulates uncontrolled muscle contractions and will result in (increasing) pain as intensity increases.

Species used: Many species although rodents are most commonly used. Impaired motor coordination due to musculoskeletal or other abnormalities will affect performance if animals are expected to coordinate movements to escape the electric shock.

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by BF Skinner in 1938 electrical shock on animals

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I wanted to provide a little bit of information on this horrible disease so everyone will understand the gravity of what these researchers allowed to happen! As most of us know Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection. There are actually four stages of severity and the infection can cause multiple lesions all over the body! The infection can even reach your brain and nervous system.

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One of the craziest things I learned in the video was that in as early as 6500 BC,  when people would act abnormal, a "medicine man" would drill a hole into the skull, known as Trephination, to release the demons that were causing them to act strangely.

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The most shocking research I saw was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study done between the years of 1932-1972. They studied 600 impoverished African Americans that had Syphilis. The unbelievable part is that they did not tell these participants that they were infected so they went on spreading it for FOURTY years!!!