# data[].attributes.headline
Group 5 -  Anschluss (Union) with Austria

# data[].attributes.subject
Group 5 -  Anschluss (Union) with Austria

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken: In 1938, Austria attempts to have democratic vote over union with Germany but cancels it at the last moment, chancellor resigns and German soldiers march in to cheers of most Austrians.  Austrian Nazis conspired to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. The TOV was broken as it states that Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.

Purpose:
provenance: The fact that Germany joined forces with Austria shows that they are bonded together and to let the other countries know that the Germany will be breaking the rules of TOV. This will trigger World War Two to happen as France and Britain will notice that Germany was developing by the means of breaking TOV and will declare war when Germany crosses the limit  of breaking the rules of TOV.

Evidence: "March 1938 – Austria attempts to have democratic vote over union with Germany but cancels it at the last moment, chancellor resigns and German soldiers march in to cheers of most Austrians." The evidence shows that Germany united with Austria which goes against the TOV. One of Hitler's main aims was to destroy the TOV and by violating the TOV shows that Hitler was going to achieve his main aim. Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany. Thus, he had designs on re-uniting Germany with Austria. Hitler's motive of uniting with Austria was to create a greater Germany of all the German people, which was one of his main aims.

How it led to war:
“ Nazi hold vote for Anschluss, and report 99% of all Austrians voted for yes, despite allegations of vote rigging and manipulation.” The Austrians forced by the German troops to vote for unification between Germany and Austria. After Germany achieved Anschluss with Austria, (which was a violation of the TOV and Britain and France did nothing) Austria’s resources of gold and iron, army and weapons were at Hitler’s disposal. This gave Hitler the materials he needed for eastern expansion resulting in a likelihood of war.

# data[].attributes.headline
Group 1 - Withdrawal from disarmament conference

# data[].attributes.subject
Group 1 - Withdrawal from disarmament conference

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV: There are terms of the TOV being broken. The source states that “[t]he German nation destroyed its weapons” but “the French have refused to destroy their weapons in the way the German people have humiliated themselves to do”. Therefore, even though Germany abided by the Treaty and destroyed their weapons even though it humiliated them, the other countries refused to follow the Treaty and held onto their weapons.

Purpose:
The provenance suggests that the purpose of the source was to persuade the people of Germany to support Hitler’s actions. As the source comes from Hitler’s radio broadcast, it shows how Hitler tried to justify his reasons for withdrawing from any further disarmament conference.

Evidence :
“Therefore, it is with great regret that Germany withdraws from any disarmament conference.” This shares a connection with Hitler’s aim to end the TOV. One of the TOV’s aim is to call for the demilitarisation of countries like Germany and Hitler decided to leave the treaty which is in line with his aim as he felt that it was unfair that Germany alone had to demilitarise while other countries were not required to as seen in, “As the German people struggled to keep their terms and waited for a mutual understanding with the rest of the world, the rest have not destroyed their weapons and we have.”

How it led to war:
“As the German people struggled to keep their terms and waited for a mutual understanding with the rest of the world, the rest have not destroyed their weapons and we have.” To Hitler, it seemed unfair that Germany had to demilitarise while other countries were not required to and was blamed for all the destruction that occurred during WW1, which led him to build this hatred against other countries which eventually led to WW2.

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken - During 1919 to 1923, four other treaties were made with the countries that had helped Germany during the war. The Treaty of Versailles, however, was the template for these treaties, which were drawn up by officials and which simply followed the principles of the Treaty of Versailles that the defeated countries had to disarm, had to pay reparations, lose their land and new countries were formed. However, the source had stated that “disarmament has not come”. This challenges the term in the Treaty of Versailles that states that the defeated countries have to disarm. Despite knowing the terms of the Treaty Versailles, Germany took advantage of the other countries refusing to disarm to rearm themselves, therefore destroying the Treaty of Versailles.

Purpose of source: The source was a speech by Hitler himself. The source was made to seem as if Germany had no choice but to increase military power which led to WW2.

Evidence and aims of Hitler:
1.Destroy the Treaty of Versailles.
2.Create a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people).
3.Lebensraum (living space) to conquer land for Germany in Eastern Europe.
Yes it does. The source states “As Russian armaments see a tremendous increase, the French extend military service to two years, and the british increase spending on her Navy, Germany now sees herself forced to take measures for her own protection” this shows that since one of hitler’s main aim is to destroy the treaty of versailles, of which one of the terms state that germany has to disarm. By using the excuse that other country’s armaments are posing as a threat to germany, they hold the right to protect their own country by rearmament, therefore moving one step closer to destroying the treaty of versailles by breaking the rule of disarmament.

How it led to war:
“since disarmament has not come”
this shows that Germany introduced conscription as they needed to protect themselves from the other countries that were becoming stronger. Due to the trust issues among the countries, conflicts arose and hence it led to WW2.

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken/ challenge to LON: Germany remilitarised the Rhineland, which was stated in the TOV that the Rhineland was not to be remilitarised due to its location near France. By doing so, Hitler was blatantly going against the TOV set by the LON, and was also challenging the LON to take action against Germany. Furthermore, despite proposals from the British Government, Hitler insisted on not withdrawing his troops, knowing France would not take any action against him without British efforts due to the general election. The British government did not take any further action despite being a key member in the LON and even did not agree with the terms of the TOV that was set by the LON itself, hence discrediting the LON and the TOV. This would cause countries in and out of the LON to doubt the LON and its ability to carry out any action, and would also push bolder countries like Germany to remilitarise or take action contradicting the purpose and aims of the LON, hence playing a part in WW2.

Purpose: The source is a historical recount of Hitler’s actions in 1936, and is most likely to be written by a historian and hence has a more objective view. The source was written as a documentation of history in Europe and particularly about the remilitarisation of Rhineland and does not have any other purpose.

Evidence:
“Hitler used this as an excuse to send German troops into the Rhineland, contrary to the terms of the treaties of Versailles and Locarno”
This is linked to Hitler’s policy of remilitarisation. Sending German troops to the Rhineland was part of Germany’s remilitarisation and was a threat to France as it was between France and Germany and hence if Germany wanted to attack France from the Rhineland, it would be easier.
Another of Hitler’s policy was to put an end to the TOV. One way of doing so would be to openly go against the terms of the TOV such as remilitarisation of Germany and of the Rhineland. By remilitarising Rhineland, Hitler was going against the terms of the TOV, another of his policies.

Evidence shown:
“ send German troops into the Rhineland in March 1936, contrary to the terms of the treaties of Versailles and Locarno.”
“Hitler refused to withdraw his troops, and put pressure on the League of Nations to act.”
“British people felt that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair on Germany and was over restrictive, and so partly because of this, the British government decided to do nothing”
“France was on the verge of a general election and would not act without Britain's support”

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken : Showed remilitarisation against the TOV which limited Germany's Army

Purpose: The source is a British newspaper, published in 1938, during the Spanish civil war which lasted from 1936 to 1939. The source’s purpose is likely to inform the British regarding Germany’s motives and highlight the fact that they have broken the terms of the Treaty of versailles such that the British Government may take action against Germany with regards to their defiance shown towards the Treaty of Versailles.

Evidence from source:
“The German military experts are particularly interested in developing the art of offensive operation by all arms combined, the air arm included, and Spain is proving to be a valuable experimental field.”

Explanation of evidence:

Germany could cultivate the Spanish as trading partners, suppliers of raw materials and iron ore, possibly even as military allies. France would be surrounded and held in check by a ‘fascist triangle’ of Germany, Italy and Spain. Hitler also believed the Spanish war was an ideal opportunity to test the mettle of his newly-restored armed forces. He was particularly keen to assess the performance of the Luftwaffe (air force) in combat.

How it led to war:
The Spanish Civil War was a major contributor to the hardening of the division between the democracies (Britain and France) and the dictatorships (Italy and Germany). Germany also gained the valuable raw materials from Spain that it needed for eastern expansion and the accompanying possibility of war. The Spanish Civil War also undermined British and French credibility to Hitler, emboldening him to make more dramatic eastern expansion moves. Furthermore, the war helped drive the USSR away from Britain and France and was one of the reasons why Stalin reluctantly concluded that an accommodation with Hitler was necessary. In all these ways then, the Spanish Civil War was a major step toward World War II.

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken: Expansion of territory
Remilitarisation

Challenge to LON:
Germany’s threat to start an European War threatened the peace amongst the European countries. As such, it challenged the League of Nation (LON)’s aim to stop all wars from happening. Should the war have been carried out, it would have gone against the LON have caused the LON to fail in its aim to stop wars amongst European powers.
Germany challenged the LON’s aim to settle disputes through diplomacy.  The Munich Agreement involved matters concerning mainly Czechoslovakia. However, Germany invited neither Czechoslovakia itself nor Russia, an ally of Czechoslovakia, to the Munich negotiations. This shows that there was a lack of proper diplomacy as the negotiation process was carried out in a way such that there was no room for protest from the other party. Hence, it challenged the LON’s ability to include both parties in the matter and resolve situations diplomatically.

Purpose:  The holocaust memorial museum would be unbiased and give its audience a general unbiased perspective on the factors leading up to the Munich Agreement. And therefore, the source’s purpose would mainly be to inform its readers on the overall view of what happened between Germany and other countries which led to the need for the Munich Agreement in order to avoid war.

Evidence :
One of Hitler’s main aims was to expand german territorial space. “After annexing Austria, Hitler began demanding for Sudetenland.” This reveals an example of Hitler in the process of expanding Germany’s territorial control, which goes directly against the Treaty Of Versailles’s terms of territorial reductions.

Another aim of Hitler was to have racial purity in Germany. “Hitler threatened to unleash an European war unless the Sudetenland, a border area of Czechoslovakia containing an ethnic German majority.” This shows that Hitler aimed to acquire Sudetenland due to its German majority, which would ultimately lead to a Germany with more pure Germans and therefore a racially purer Germany.

How it led to war: Hitler was in the process of expanding Germany’s territorial control, which goes directly against the Treaty Of Versailles’s terms of territorial reductions. His method of acquiring Sudentenland did not consider maintaining peace important, thus provoking the other european powers to wage war in WW2.

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken: Territorial expansion. This cartoon shows Germany trying to gain more territory, by invading Poland, with the help of USSR, who was a member of the LON at that time.  The LON was established to ensure world peace, yet the USSR is aiding Germany to invade countries, breaking one of the terms in the TOV.

Purpose : The cartoon was created in 1939: At the time of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, after the division and conquest of Poland, by Germany and Russia.
The cartoon is a reaction of disgust towards the Nazi-Soviet Pact
Germany invaded Poland.

Explanation of evidence from source: Hitler wanted to make Germany great again by gaining more territory as due to his promises to Germany. Hitler wanted to end the Treaty of Versailles.   Furthermore, Germany had the motive to divide Poland and gain more territory so by forming an agreement with the USSR to divide Poland and share the territory if Poland did not comply to the USSR's requests, Hitler would be able to take over Poland easier with the help of the USSR.

How it led to war:

As Germany and the USSR joining forces to take over Poland they formed an alliance/agreement with each other.  Hence if either one of the countries broke the pact to work together,  it would lead to upsetting the other country hence creating anger and tension between the countries which would contribute to them declaring war on each other and their alliances would also take part in the war leading to World War II.

# data[].attributes.body
Term of TOV broken/challenge: Germany invaded Poland and disrupted the military forces which will cause Poland's military forces to weaken. This government of Poland will be challenged as he will feel threatened by Germany due to the invasion and having his military force weakened.

Purpose : The source was extracted from a website that specialises in History so the facts will be accurate. The website will have no ulterior motive thus the facts given will be reliable and not biased.

Evidence and explanation :
The source states that "Poland is occupied after a month of resistance against both." Hitler wanted to expand German territory due to the growing German population. By invading Poland, Germany was able to get more territory and territorial control thus able to provide more living space and land for the Germans.

How it led to war:
Germany invaded Poland which led Britain and France to declare a war on Hitler's Nazi State in retaliation. Hitler claimed that the invasion of Poland was a defensive action but Britain and France were not convinced by it and on September 3, they declared war on Germany, initiating WW2. This also causes many nations around the world to be engaged in armed combat as well as forming allies.