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-Neha Pachisia
What is it?
It determines the percentage of red blood cells (RBC's) in the blood.
Normal values:

Adult males: 42%-54%

Adult women: 38%-46%

Low value: means anemia, indicates:

Bleeding

Destruction of RBC

Decreased production of RBC

Nutritional problems

Overhydration

High value: indicates:

Dehydration

Low availability of oxygen

Genetic

Erythrocytosis

Citation

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-Shamaim shahid
What is it?

It determines the blood cholesterol levels in the blood. Cholesterol is a fatty substance created by the liver from the fatty foods in your diet.
Normal value:
• Adult males:
Above 40 mg/dL
• Adult females:
Above 50 mg/dL
Low value:
Low blood levels are actually desirable. But if it's really it can have some health problem:
• Cancer
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Preterm birth and low birth weight if your cholesterol is low while you're pregnant
High value:
• atherosclerosis
• high blood pressure
• less blood flow
• heart attack
• stroke
Citation:
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-tests/Pages/What-it-is-used-for.aspx

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Electrolyte Blood Test (Electrolyte Profile)

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Electrolyte Blood Test (Electrolyte Profile)

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-Hussain Alkhars
What is it?
This test determines if there is a right balance of electrolytes in the blood.

Electrolytes are minerals that help maintain fluid levels and acid-base balance in the body.

Abnormal electrolyte levels may be a sign of dehydration, kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, high blood pressure, or other disorders.

Normal values:
Calcium: | 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Chloride: | 97-107 mEq/L
Potassium: | 3.5-5.3 mEq/L
Magnesium: | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Sodium: | 136-145 mEq/L

*Note: These ranges are generalizations and differ from lab to lab. Also, this is a shortened list. You can find a longer one through a link in the citations. (The medscape.com link)

Low Values:
Most likely indicates dehydration. Blood tests showing low electrolyte levels may lead to:

irregular heartbeat

confusion

blood pressure changes

nervous system or bone disorders.

High Values:
Blood test results showing high electrolyte levels may lead to:

weakness

twitching of the muscles

numbness

fatigue

irregular heartbeat

blood pressure changes.

Citations:

http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/electrolyte-imbalance.aspx

http://www.healthline.com/health/electrolyte-disorders#overview1

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-tests/Pages/What-it-is-used-for.aspx#electrolyte

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172316-overview#a1

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-Mohammed Abdullah:Period 4
What is it?
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a blood test that measures the average red blood cell volume, in other words, its size. MCV is part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, and you will see it listed there along with other measures your red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Normal Value:

Adult males: 80-95 fl

Adult Women: 80-95 fl

Low Value: indicates anemia mostly due to Iron Deficiency.

Microcytic Anemia

Inadequate Dietary Intake

Gastrointestinal or Menstrual Blood loss

Thalassemia

Sideroblastic Anemia

Chronic Disease

High Value indicates:

Pernicious Anemia

Alcoholism

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Folic Acid Deficiency

Hypothyroidism

Myelofibrosis

Reticulocytosis

Citations:
http://www.medfriendly.com/mean-corpuscular-volume.html
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003648.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volume#High

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- Maha Siddiqui : Period 4.
1) What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).
2) How is the Insulin test used?
Insulin testing has several possible uses.

Diagnose an insulinoma, verify that removal of the tumor has been successful, and/or to monitor for recurrence

Diagnose the cause of hypoglycemia in an individual with signs and symptoms

Identify insulin resistance.

Monitor the amount of insulin produced by the beta cells in the pancreas ); in this case, a C-peptide test may also be done. Insulin and C-peptide are produced by the body at the same rate as part of the conversion of proinsulin to insulin in the pancreas. Both tests may be ordered when a health practitioner wants to evaluate how much insulin in the blood is made by the body and how much is from outside sources such as insulin injections. The test for insulin measures insulin from both sources while the C-peptide test reflects insulin produced by the pancreas.

Determine when a type 2 diabetic might need to start taking insulin to supplement oral medications

Determine and monitor the success of an islet cell transplant intended to restore the ability to make insulin, by measuring the insulin-producing capacity of the transplant

Insulin testing may be ordered with glucose and C-peptide tests. Insulin levels are also sometimes used in conjunction with the glucose tolerance test (GTT). In this situation, blood glucose and insulin levels are measured at
pre-established time intervals to evaluate insulin resistance.
3) When is it ordered?
Insulin levels are most frequently ordered following a low glucose and/or when someone has acute or chronic symptoms of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) caused by, for example, an insulinoma.
4) What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Symptoms of hypoglycemia may include:
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Hunger
- Confusion
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- In serious cases, seizures and loss of consciousness.
NOTE: These symptoms may indicate low blood glucose but may also be seen with other conditions.
5) What are the reasons of performing an  Insulin Test?
- An insulin test may also be done when an individual has or is suspected of having insulin resistance. This may include people with type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), prediabetes or heart disease, or metabolic syndrome.
- A health practitioner also may order insulin and C-peptide tests after an insulinoma has been successfully removed to verify the effectiveness of treatment and then order the tests periodically to monitor for recurrence.
- Periodic testing may also be used to monitor the success of an islet cell transplant by measuring the insulin-producing capacity of the transplant.
6)  Increased Insulin levels are indicated by:

1. Acromegaly

2. Cushing syndrome

3. Use of drugs such as corticosteroids, levodopa, oral contraceptives

4. Fructose or galactose intolerance

5. Insulinomas

6. Obesity

7. Insulin resistance, such as appears in type 2 diabetes and  metabolic syndrome.

7) Decreased Insulin levels are indicated by:

1. Diabetes

2. Hypopituitarism

3. Pancreatic diseases such as chronic pancreatitis (including cystic fibrosis) and pancreatic cancer.

8) Insulin Levels:
- Fasting: < 25 mIU/L
- 30 minutes after glucose administration:  30-230 mIU/L
- 1 hour after glucose administration: 18-276 mIU/L
- 2 hour after glucose administration: 16-166 mIU/L
9) Citations:

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/insulin/tab/test/
https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin

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- Edward Lisaba, period 3
What is it?
It is a test that checks for calcium in the blood. It checks the calcium level in the body that is not stored in the bones.
Normal values
- Adults: 9% - 10.5%
- Teens: 10.2% - 10.6%
Low values:  low blood calcium values may lead to Hypocalcemia.
Low blood calcium indicates:

Vitamin D deficiency

Chronic renal failure

Magnesium deficiency

Alcoholism

High values: high blood calcium levels may lead to Hypercalcemia.
High blood calcium indicates:

Hyperparathyroidism

Cancer

Excessive vitamin D intake

Sarcoidosis

Citations:

http://www.parathyroid.com/high-calcium.htm

http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/hypocalcemia-low-calcium.aspx

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- Nada Ehab
What is it?
It is a blood test which helps to check the functioning of the thyroid gland by checking the  levels of the TSH, or thyroid stimulating hormone and other hormones in the blood, such as thyroxine, or T4 and
Triiodothyronine, or T3 and many more. For each of these hormone, there are different ranges which show the functioning of the gland. The test mainly detects an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) or underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).
Normal Values:
1-  TSH
0.5 - 4.70 µIU/mL(milli-international units per liter).
2-  Serum Thyroxine or T4
4.6-12 ug/dl
3- Serum Triiodothyronine
80-180 ng/dl
Low Values:
A low TSH result may indicate an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).

fatigue or muscle weakness.

hand tremors.

mood swings.

nervousness or anxiety.

rapid heartbeat.

heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat.

skin dryness.

trouble sleeping

High Values:
A high TSH result may indicate an underactive thyroid gland (hyporthyroidism).

Fatigue.

Weakness.

Weight gain or increased difficulty losing weight.

Coarse, dry hair.

Dry, rough pale skin.

Hair loss.

Cold intolerance (you can't tolerate cold temperatures like those around you)

Muscle cramps and frequent muscle aches.

Citations
https://www.verywell.com/thyroid-function-tests-values-3232915
https://www.verywell.com/thyroid-testing-what-is-a-normal-tsh-level-3232902
http://labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/analytes/thyroid-function/
https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/thyroid-function-tests

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- Yomna El-Zibaoui

What is it?
It determines the number of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in the blood.

White blood cells or leukocytes are cells that are  involved in protecting the body against both infectious diseases, foreign invaders, pathogens,etc.

Normal values :

Adult males: 4.0-11.0  K/μl

Adult females: 3.5-10.5 K/μl

Low Value:
It's called  Leukopenia and indicates  infections/  diseases such as :

Lupus

HIV/AIDS

Liver or spleen disease

(also caused by) Chemotherapy treatment

High Value:
It's called  Leukocytosis and indicates  infections/  diseases such as :

Bone marrow cancer (Leukemia)

Immune System Disorder

Inflammatory diseases (such as Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Appendicitis

Aplastic Anemia

Citations:

http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/high-white-blood-cell-count/basics/causes/sym-20050611

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2054452-overview

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003643.htm

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-Khlood Azam
What is it?
A Prothrombin blood test measures how long it takes for blood to clot.It can also be used to check bleeding problems.
Normal Values:
All genders and ages: 11 to 13.5 seconds
Low Value:
- Bleeding disorders
-Disorder of the blood clotting proteins
- Low level of vitamin K
High Values:
-Liver disease
Citations:
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003652.htm

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- Natali Iskandar/ Period 3
What is it?
Fibrinogen or Coagulation Factor I blood test, measures the level of a protein called fibrinogen in your blood. It helps find out whether you have a bleeding or blood clotting disorder. Fibrinogen is an important protein made by your liver. If you have bleeding anywhere in your body, fibrinogen is released from your liver and travels to the site of bleeding to help form a blood clot.

Normal Values:
- A normal value for fibrinogen is between 200 and 400 mg/dL or from 2 to 4 g/l (grams/litre)

Low Values of fibrinogen:
- Thrombosis
- Afibrinogenemia
- Hypofibrinogenemia
- Dysfibrinogenemia
- end-stage liver disease
- Severe Malnutrition

High Values of Fibrinogen:
- Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stoke
- Diabetes
- Hypertension

Citations:
1. http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/antibody-tests/fibrinogen-test.html
2. http://www.healthline.com/health/fibrinogen#purpose2
3. http://www.thrombocyte.com/fibrinogen-levels/

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- Hassan N. Taha, Period 4

What is it?
Platelets are cells that circulate within our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels. A platelet count is used to detect the number of platelets in the blood. The test is included in a complete blood count (CBC), a panel of tests often performed as part of a general health examination.

Normal Values:
A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

Low Values:
A low platelet count of less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia.
Symptoms include easy bruising, and frequent bleeding from the gums, nose, or GI tract.
Platelet count drops when something is preventing the body from producing platelets. There are a wide range of causes, including:

Medications

An inherited condition

Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma

Chemotherapy treatment for cancer

Kidney infection or dysfunction

Too much alcohol

High Values:
A high platelet count of more than 450,000 is known as thrombocytosis. This is usually the result of an existing condition (also called secondary or reactive thrombocytosis) such as:

Cancer, most commonly lung, gastrointestinal, ovarian, breast or lymphoma

Anemia, in particular iron-deficiency anemia and hemolytic anemia

Inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or rheumatoid arthritis

Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis

If an individual has had their spleen removed surgically

Use of birth control pills (oral contraceptives)

Citations:

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt/types

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/clinical_services/centers_excellence/womens_cardiovascular_health_center/patient_information/health_topics/platelets.html

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/platelet/tab/test/

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- Abdulrahman Almosalami
Period 3
What is it?
This test measures how long it takes for red blood cells to fall to the bottom of a test tube. The quicker they fall, the more likely it is there are high levels of inflammation.
Normal Values
- Adults: 15-20 mm/hr
- Children: 3-13 mm/hr
Low Values: low ESR means suppressed sedimentation of blood that indicates:
- Polycythemia Vera
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Cancer of kidneys
- Leukocytosis
High Values: high ESR may suggest an inflammation that indicates:
- Arthritis
- Endocarditis
- Crohn's Disease
- Giant Cell Arthritis
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Citations:
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-tests/Pages/What-it-is-used-for.aspx#cancer

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/sed-rate/details/results/rsc-20207039

http://www.tandurust.com/health-answers/high-low-esr-count-in-blood-test.html

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Aishani Zafar/ Period 3
What is it?
The creatine phosphokinase test measures the amount of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) present in the blood. The test is also known as a creatine kinase test, CPK test, or CK test. Creatine phosphokinase is a specific enzyme found primarily in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues.The test is performed to assess damage to tissue in the brain, muscle tissue, or heart. When tissue is damaged, creatine phosphokinase leaks from tissue into the blood.

The test is used to diagnose and evaluate the following conditions:

a heart attack

chest pain

muscle damage

early dermatomyositis, which is a muscle and connective tissue disease

polymyositis, which causes inflammation of the muscles

muscular dystrophy

It’s also used to differentiate between postoperative infection and malignant hyperthermia, which is a fast rise in body temperature.

Normal Values
Normal CPK levels can range from 22 to 198 units per litre.
though, that levels can differ due to race, gender or activity levels (or pharmaceutical drugs).

High Values:
High levels of the enzyme may occur due to the following conditions:

a heart attack

pericarditis after a heart attack

polymyositis or dermatomyositis

heart muscle inflammation

myopathy, which is a disease of the muscles

rhabdomyolysis, which is a breakdown of muscle tissues

a muscular dystrophy

convulsions

an electric shock

a stroke

a brain injury

delirium tremens, which is caused by alcohol withdrawal

hypothyroidism, which is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland

the death of lung tissue

Low Values:

Though less risky than high results, you’ll want to bring these up to normal. If the amount of CPK in your body is low, that means there is not significant injury or any reason for your body to need to respond by elevating CPK levels.

Citations:
http://www.healthline.com/health/creatine-phosphokinase-test#risks3

http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/c/question/146852/168979/

http://knowyourblood.com/the-cpk-isoenzymes-blood-test-test-purpose-high-results-low-results-everything-in-between/

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- Hosam Al Azzazi / P3 A day
What is it?
Blood Enzyme Test measures and analyzes the activity of a specific enzyme (depending on the desired enzyme). This test helps in diagnosing a variety of conditions. Blood
Normal Values:
(Liver Blood Enzyme Test)

Normal levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are as follows:

Adult Males:

14-20 units per liter (U/L) or 0.23-0.33 microkatals per liter (mckat/L)

Adult Females:

10-36 U/L or 0.17-0.60 mckat/L

Low Values:

Low values of liver enzymes such as AST indicate that the liver is in a healthy shape and there is disease or damage present.

High Values:

Elevated levels of liver enzymes indicates a liver damage or injury. These levels may be elevated acutely or chronically based on the case. Such symptoms may be:

Liver Innflammation

Small Intestine damage

Muscle Weakness

Skin Rash

Liver Cancer

Pancreas inflammation

Hepatitis A, B, C, or D

Heart Attack or Heart Failure

Citations:

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/liver_blood_tests/page2_em.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/elevated-liver-enzymes/basics/causes/sym-20050830

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt/types

http://www.healthline.com/health/enzyme-markers#risks4

http://www.medicinenet.com/liver_blood_tests/page7.htm

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-Lama Mahfouz
Period 3
What is it?
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood.
Hemoglobin is a complex protein found in red blood cells that contains an iron molecule. The main function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and to exchange the oxygen for carbon dioxide, and then carry the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and exchange it for oxygen.
Normal Values

For men: 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter

For women:12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter

For Children: Varies with age and sex

Low Values
Low values of hemoglobin indicate that you have anemia, there are many forms of anemia.

Iron deficiency

Vitamin B-12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

Bleeding

Cancers that affect the bone marrow, such as leukemia

Kidney disease

Liver disease

Hypothyroidism

Thalassemia — a genetic disorder that causes low levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells

High values
Results from:

Polycythemia vera — a blood disorder in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells

Lung disease

Dehydration

Living at a high altitude, Polycythemia vera

Heavy smoking

Excessive vomiting

Extreme physical exercise

Citations:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/details/why-its-done/icc-20311744

http://www.medicinenet.com/hemoglobin/page4.htm

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Omar Hesham P.3
What is it?
A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine breaks down. Creatine is found in your muscle. Creatinine levels in the blood can provide your doctor with information about how well your kidneys are working.
Normal Values
Normal levels of creatinine in the blood are approximately 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL) in adult males and 0.5 to 1.1 milligrams per deciliter in adult females.
High Values
Elevated creatinine level signifies impaired kidney function or kidney disease. As the kidneys become impaired for any reason, the creatinine level in the blood will rise due to poor clearance of creatinine by the kidneys. Abnormally high levels of creatinine thus warn of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys.
Low Values
Low blood creatinine levels can mean lower muscle mass caused by a disease, such as muscular dystrophy, or by aging. Low levels can also mean some types of severe liver disease or a diet very low in protein. Pregnancy can also cause low blood creatinine levels.
Citations
http://www.healthline.com/health/creatinine-blood#procedure4

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/creatinine-and-creatinine-clearance

http://www.medicinenet.com/creatinine_blood_test/article.htm

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-Nader
What is it?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD s) and infections are common, especially among young people. STD s comes from unprotected sex , and Getting tested can be quick and easy. Depending on what you are being tested for, your provider may take a blood sample, a swab, or ask you to pee in a cup. It is suggested to ask your to your healthcare provider about getting tested be tested for these leading common STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, herpes, HPV, syphilis and trichomoniasis. If your healthcare provider feels you do not need to be checked for some of these, you will at least know which ones you were tested for and which ones you were not.
Normal Values: Not detected and non-reactive mean the STD was not detected in your system.
High Values:If your test results are positive for any STD, you can discuss your results, ask questions, and get guidance during a phone consultation with one of our doctors. You may also be advised to seek additional testing or explore treatment options depending on the STD you've contracted.
Low values: A range of < 0.90 in the "Herpes Simplex-2" test means any results below the 0.90 range are considered negative.
citations: https://www.stdcheck.com/blog/std-test-no-swab/
https://www.stdcheck.com/sample-std-test-results.php

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-Fatma Ellakany P4
What is it?
The uric acid blood test is used to detect high levels of uric acid in the blood in order to help diagnose gout. Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis due to crystallization of uric acid, often related to relatively high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Normal Values:

Adult men: 3.4 to 7.0 mg/dL

Adult women: 2.4 to 6.0 mg/dL

Children: 2.0 to 5.5 mg/dL

Low Values: indicates:

Fanconi syndrome

Low purine diet

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

Wilson disease

High Values: means hyperuricemia, indicates:

Acidosis

Alcoholism

Chemotherapy-related side effects

Diabetes

Excessive exercise

Gout

Hypoparathyroidism

Lead poisoning

Leukemia

Polycythemia vera

Purine-rich diet

Renal failure

Citations:
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003476.htm

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/uric-acid/tab/test

https://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Normal-Uric-Acid-Levels.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout#Cause

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-Sarah Abdelrahman P3
What is it?
Troponin tests are primarily ordered to help diagnose a heart attack and rule out other conditions with similar signs and symptoms.
Normal values:
The upper limit for normal individuals is less than 0.01 ng/mL.
Low values: A low Troponin value may mean acute coronary syndrome, which indicates:

chest pain

diaphoresis (sweating)

nausea

vomiting

shortness of breath

High values: A high Troponin value may mean ischemia heart disease, which indicates:

extreme fatigue

shortness of breath

dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting

chest pain and pressure, known as angina

heart palpitations

swelling in your legs and feet, known as edema.

swelling in your abdomen

Citations:
http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/82428
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_coronary_syndrome#Signs_and_symptoms
https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/troponin/tab/test/

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- Ahmed Zeedan
What is it ?
Albumin is a protein made by the liver that plays a role in transporting substances, such as bilirubin to the liver to be conjugated and released outside body as part of the bile, and regulating osmotic pressure. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood.
Normal Values

The normal range is 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL or 35-55 g/liter. This range may vary slightly in different laboratories.

Albumin composes 50%-60% of blood plasma proteins.

High Values

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The basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a group of tests that measures different chemicals in the blood. These tests usually are done on the fluid (plasma) part of blood. The tests can give doctors information about your muscles (including the heart), bones, and organs, such as the kidneys and liver.

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-Ahmed Zeedan
What is it ?
Albumin is a protein made by the liver that plays a role in transporting substances, such as bilirubin to the liver to be conjugated and released outside the body as part of the bile, and regulating the osmotic pressure . A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood.
Normal Values:

1. The normal range is 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL or 35-55 g/liter. This range may vary slightly in different laboratories.

2.  Albumin composes 50%-60% of blood plasma proteins.

Low Values:
A lower-than-normal level of blood albumin may be a sign of:

Decreased blood albumin may occur when your body does not get or absorb enough nutrients, such as with:  After weight-loss surgery

Renal (kidney) dysfunction - your kidneys may not work well due to any number of conditions. They may be leaking albumin in the urine,

You may have some form of liver disease resulting in hypoalbuminemia.

Certain heart conditions - such as congestive heart failure, or pericarditis - may cause you to have low albumin levels in your blood.

Other forms of cancer or conditions- such as sarcoma or amyloidosis - can cause hypoalbuminemia

Infections - such as tuberculosis - can cause hypoalbuminemia

High Values:
Increased blood albumin may be due to:

Dehydration

High protein diet

Having a tourniquet on for a long time when giving a blood sample.

Hepatitis

Chronic inflammatory diseases

Tuberculosis

An overdose of cortisone drugs, excessive synthesis of cortisol by the adrenals, tumor that manufactures cortisol-like substances

Congestive cardiac failure

Kidney diseases

HIV

Cancer

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- Arshiya Ahmed
What is it?
Blood Glucose Test determines the glucose levels in blood. Glucose is a type of sugar the body uses for energy. These tests require the patient to either fast or have the test done after a meal.
Normal Value:

70 to 100 mg/dl (while fasting)

Less than 140 mg/dl (2 hours after meal)

80 to120 mg/dl (in general)

High Values: indicates Type 2 Diabetes, other conditions that cause high blood glucose includes:

Severe Stress

Heart Attack

Stroke

Cushing's Syndrome

Corticosteroids

Excessive Growth Hormone

Low Values: indicates insulinoma, other conditions that cause low blood glucose include:

Addison's Disease

Hypothyroidism

Tumor in Pituitary Gland

Cirrhosis

Kidney Failure

Eating Disorder

Medicines used to treat diabetes

Citations:
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt/types
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/blood-glucose