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Futility of human struggle in a senseless world.

No climactic action or episodic plot.

The characters are not realistic.

Language is sparse and characters fail to communicate effectively.

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Developed by Bertolt Brecht.

Plays had complex plots and large casts.

The audience should always remain emotionally detached from the action on stage.

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Emerged during WWI.

Reality was distorted in order to communicate inner feelings.

Included exaggerated scenery, bright lights, and piercing sounds.

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Focused on symbolic imagery instead of concrete actions to communicate with the audience.

Goal was to evoke atmosphere and mood rather than to tell a story.

Focused on inner realities that cannot be directly perceived.

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The proscenium stage was modified.

It was no longer raked.

Real walls, bookcases, doors, and dresses were used.

The 4th wall began to be used.

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Focuses on sociopolitical aspects

Playwrights were less concerned with fantastical plots, less lush

focused on topics like: poverty, social status, racial tensions, war, etc.

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- Kennedy, Bobby. "The Father of Modern Drama." Explore the Art. Writer's Theatre, 12 Feb. 2014. Web. 19 Apr. 2017.
- Columbia University. "Early Modern English Drama." Early Modern English Drama | Department of English and Comparative Literature. Columbia University, n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2017.
- Boyles, David. "Modern Drama: Definition and Examples." Study.com. Study.com, n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2017.
- "What Is Modern Drama?" Reference. IAC Publishing, n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2017

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A Streetcar Named Desire is a modern drama

contains both realism and naturalism

Deals with issues of gender roles

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An introduction to the life and works of Henrik Ibsen and the founding of modern drama In the hall of the mountain king: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPLXNmKvLBQ Apocalyptica version: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf2aIVKp1OY Some of Ibsen's Plays: http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/i#a861 Quintessence of Ibsenism: http://archive.org/details/quintessenceofib00shawrich

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"Life as it is really lived."

Everyday events and behaviors are portrayed through moments, actions, and conversations.

Ordinary people dealing with ordinary problems.

Reactions to rapid social change.

Sense of alienation and disconnectedness during the 19th and 20th century.