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Fall/decline

This Greek Kingdom ruled Egypt until 30 BC, when, under Cleopatra, it fell to the Roman Empire and became a Roman province. The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture.

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Political & Social Structures

The pyramid

Pharaoh are at the top of it then the slaves and servants are at the bottom

Pharaoh are the head of the state and government

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Writing & language:

Hieroglyphs and hieratic

Religion/Belief structure

Polytheistic:meaning they worshiped multiple gods

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climate

Varies from very cold to extremely hot

Geography

NIle river

Black land Had rich black soil this is where they planted the crops every year

Red land this was the desert that protected egypt on both sides also the source of precious metals and semi precious stones

Human Environment & Interactions:

Farmed along the nile river

Traded goods

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Fall/Collapse
- Qin Dynasty: hard government, harsh taxes, and forced labor
Emperor died 210 B.C., overthrown 4 years later
Civil War
- Han Empire
Weak rulers, central government decline
Never had to reinvent civili

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Philosophy
- 500 B.C. - 200 B.C.
- Schools of thought
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism
Accomplishments
- 6-3 centuries
nomic growth/ technology change
irrigation
bronze in tombs
iron ( plowshares)
silk, for trade

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Religion
- supernatural forces
- oracle bones
- human sacrifices
- life after death
Writing
- pictograph/ideograph
- sounds assiocated with characters
- adopted phonetic
- never abandoned original format

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Political & Social Structure
- ruled by aristocracy (warlords)
- had kings/emperors
- Zhou Dynasty
bureacracy
Mandate of Heaven
family most important
Social Structure
1. Shi (Gentry scholars)
2. Nong (peasant farmers)
3. Gong (artisans and craftsmen)
4. Shang (merchants and traders)

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Fall/Collapse
Indus Civilization was known as the richest cities. Hit their peak ~2600 BCE
- The cities collapse is still a mystery due to the fact that all the language has yet to be deciphered.
-Archeologist believe that Aryan invaders attacked and destroyed the city  ~1900 BCE

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Social Structure (4 Varnas)
1. Brahmins (priest)
2. Kshatriyans  (warriors)
3. Vaisayas (commomers)
4. Sudras (peasants)
5. Pariah "Harijans" (untouchables)

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Geography
- Huang He (Yellow River)
- Chang Jiang (Yangtze River)
- 10% farming / 90% mountains and deserts
Climate
- North: winter- long & cold / summer- short & hot
- Central: 4 seasons
- South: subtropical

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-Writing: Sanskrit
-Government: Theocracy
Dharma (all people must do their specific duty)
Karma (what goes around comes around)
-Religion: Hinduism
Passed down beliefs from the Vedas
One single force called Brahman
-Accomplishment:
toilets, buttons, stepwell (bathing area), ruler,

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Climate & Geography
-(southern valley) rich soil w/ moderate temperature; near the Ganges River
-(west) dry plateau
Interaction: farming (Indian Mountains) wettest part; depended highly on rain