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I don't seem to have enough points to raise regarding the roles of NAD and NADP

If the Malate Aspartate shuttle produces more atp per glucose molecule, why use the Glycerol phosphate shuttle?

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I'm unsure of the significance of some products formed at various stages along the Krebs/Calvin cycles. How much should we know?

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I don't really understand the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation, in particular the complexes I-IV

(upvotes shuttle systems too)

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Do we have to know the details of Krebs cycle
Why are there 2 types of shuttle systems
Why is the energy in ethanol permanently unavailable?

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What results in the different yield of ATP when different shuttle systems are used?
Is it neccessary to know every step in glycolysis as shown on page12, or is knowing just the energy investment and energy payoff phases sufficient (on pg11)?

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I am still a bit confused about how the various products of the stages of cellular respiration become starting materials in the next stage. Eg for the elections produced in glycolysis and where do the NADs/NADH go? I feel that the notes don't really make the roles of these molecules clear.

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Why do the glycerol phosphate shuttle and malate-phosphate shuttle produce different numbers of ATP molecules? Which is used more?

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How much of Krebs cycle must I know. Pg 21 vs Pg 20 in terms of comprehensiveness?
I don't really know what's a coenzyme sorry
Do I write 36/38 ATP or do I choose one of the two

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Why do different shuttle systems result in different yields of ATP

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I'm still not very sure how the shuttle systems work/their significance

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i'm still slightly confused about shuttle system and the details of krebs cycle

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William

How exactly does the ATP synthase use proton motive force to catalyse conversion of ADP to ATP? Is it like a windmill? How is the rotation of the rotor directly coupled to adding a Pi to ADP?

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I am unclear as to how the shuttle system works

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What are precursors formed by glycolysis that are used to synthesis fats, cholesterol, bile acids and plasma proteins?

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What shuttle systems are they referring to? Pg 29
Is the ATP synthase / chemiosmosis the same for photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Do we have to know what the intermediates are for kerb and citric acid cycle

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Do the ATP synthase complexes in the chloroplasts and mitochondria have the same structure

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Do we need to remember how proteins and fats ẻnter respiration?

How does the complexes drive H+ into the intermembrane space??

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Must we remember all the intermediates of the Kreb's cycle?
Also, I do not really understand shuttle systems

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Do we need to remember the enzymes and products of glycolysis/Krebs cycle? (Like the tutorial mentioned hexokinase but it was only mentioned in page 12 but not page 11 of the notes)

Also, why is the ratio of electrons released by NADH and FADH2 to the ratio of ATP generated not equal?

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shuttle systems- how do the differences determine if 36 or 38 ATP molecules will be produced? why do these shuttle systems differ in nerve/muscle and heart/liver cells?

I'm also not very clear about how the numbers 36 and 38 are derived ><

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How detailed must we know for krebs? To me each step seems important...

Do we need to know at which complex which (NAD/FAD) is used?
and what makes up complexes I-IV?

*upvotes the shuttle system question*

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The chemistry part like in the glycolysis pathway and krebs cycle. Also i am not sure when to determine which shuttle system will take place. Why is each shuttle system found specifically in different types of cells?

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Shuttle System
Does hydrolysis of ATP means dephosphorylation?
Does oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration consist of chemiosmosis and ETC?