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Kinetic Energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

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1. Often abbreviated by KE
2.  An object's kinetic energy is equal to 1/2 of the product of its mass and the square of its velocity

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Gravitational Energy is the potential energy an object has in relation to another object due to gravity.

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1. Often abbreviated by GPE, or Gravitational Potential Energy
2. Dependent on the distance between the two objects and the gravitational constant

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Potential Energy is the energy of an object relative to the position of the object compared to other bodies of mass.

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1. Often abbreviated by PE
2. Measured in Joules

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Elastic Potential Energy is the energy stored in an object as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object.

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1. Stored until the force is removed from the object
2. An example is pulling back on a slingshot or catapult

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Electrical Energy is a form of energy that is caused by moving electric particles, or electricity.

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1. Converted from Electric Potential Energy
2. An example of electrical energy in action is a battery or lightning

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Mechanical Energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in an object.

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1. Energy due to an objects motion or position
2. A moving car is an example of mechanical energy

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Power is the rate that work is done or energy is transferred per a specific amount of time.

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1. Equivalent to work divided by elapsed time, or P = W/ΔT
2. Power is a scalar quantity with no direction

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Chemical Energy is the potential energy of a chemical substance that is stored in the chemical substance's bonds.

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1. Released when a chemical reaction takes place
2. Often turns the substance into a completely different material when released

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Light Energy is a type of kinetic energy that has the ability to make certain types of light visible to humans.

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1. Light energy is a type of electromagnetic radiation
2. Consists of photons, which are produced when an object's atoms heat up

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The Law of Conservation of Energy is a scientific law that states that the energy in a closed system will always remain constant and that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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1. Discovered by physician Julius Robert Mayer in 1842
2. Explains how energy is just transformed from one form to another, but never goes away

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Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.

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1. As temperature increases, thermal energy will always increase
2. Usually measured in Celsius or Kelvin in scientific fields

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Work is the force causing the movement or displacement of any object.

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1. Represented by the equation W = FD, or work equals force times displacement
2. Measured in Joules

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A joule is a unit in the standard system that represents the amount of energy exerted when a force of one newton is applied over a displacement of one meter.

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1. The equivalent of one watt of power radiated or dissipated for one second
2. Named after English physicist James Prescott Joule (pictured below)

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Specific Heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one Degree Celsius.

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1. Represented by C in the equation   Q = m (Tf - Ti)C for temperature added
2. The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/gram °C = 4.186 joules/gram °C

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Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one substance to another at the expense of the loss of other types of energy.

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1. Energy transferred to or from a thermodynamic system
2. Always moves from hotter objects to cooler objects

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A Closed System is a physical system that is blocked off from its surroundings by a barrier and does not allow certain types of transfers.

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1. Has no interaction with external surroundings
2. In a closed system, energy can enter and exit freely, but mass cannot

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Thermal Energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all of the molecules in an object.

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1. If mass increases and temperature stays constant, thermal energy will always increase
2. Hotter objects have greater thermal energies than colder objects

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An Energy Transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another.

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1. Energy transformations occur every second of every day, all around the world
2. There are many different types of energy transformations, such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical