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Parade on the Greek independence day

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Military parade  in Athens marks Greece Independence Day

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The Greek mythology spread throughout the Mediterranean and to the western world, influenced some novels and writings and imaginations. It also influenced the Renaissance which many of the artwork is based on Greek mythology. Nowadays, Greek mythology were used in famous movies and comics.
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Wonder Woman 2017 - No Man's Land Scene   (1080p)

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There are some weird superstitious in Greece that even some Greeks also think it is quite strange. It is said that giving someone a compliment or envy would cast the evil eye upon them and bring them bad  luck or sickness, so after giving the compliment, Greeks normally spit on the complimented person to drive away the evil eye. It is believed that rooting a plant, you will have to still it from someone else, because that is going to let the plant grow well and fast, the plants that were given out as gift will die. Never hand someone a knife, if you really need to give someone a knife, then you will need to put the knife down and let the person pick up the knife hem/herself, because it is believed that handing someone a knife would cause you to fight.

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You will not need to concern much about the punctuality because Greeks often will give something like "come around 6". If you are invited to a tea, then you should dress casually, when invited to a  big dinner, you should dress well, but not so formally. You could bring along with a dessert or a bottle of wine to appreciate the invitation. When having the dinner, you could try to join the conversation or discussion that will normally appear at the dinner table. You should not refuse food unless you have a good reason. To delight the host, you could call for another serve, meaning the host's food are delicious.

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The Greek theater brought some influence to the world after the era of its existence, to the Roman  theater and the Renaissance.

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interview about Greek mythology

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Stephen Fry HEROES Greek Mythology Interview 2018

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Is based made of eggplant or potatoes and welly sliced meet, mainly in the middle east and Greece. The Greece version is mainly made out of eggplant and tomato with minced meat, separate into layers and cooked first individually, then finally cooked all together for the last bake.

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Meaning fish roe and salad, is a traditional Greek appetizer made of cod, carp and grey mullet roe, mixed with olive oil, lemon juice and base of breads and potatoes.

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This piece of music is the oldest surviving composition in the world

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The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation, from anywhere in the world. The epitaph has been variously dated, but seems to be either from the 1st or the 2nd century AD. The song, the melody of which is recorded, alongside its lyrics, in the ancient Greek musical notation, was found engraved on a tombstone (a stele) from the Hellenistic town Tralles near present-day Aydın, Turkey, not far from Ephesus. It is a Hellenistic Ionic song in either the Phrygian octave species or Iastian tonos. While older music with notation exists (for example the Hurrian songs), all of it is in fragments; the Seikilos epitaph is unique in that it is a complete, though short, composition.

The following is the Greek text found on the tombstone (in the later polytonic script; the original is in majuscule), along with a transliteration of the words which are sung to the melody, and a somewhat free English translation thereof; this excludes the musical notation:

While you live, shine
have no grief at all
life exists only for a short while
and Time demands his due.

The last two surviving words on the tombstone itself are (with the bracketed characters denoting a partial possible reconstruction of the lacuna or of a possible name abbreviation)

meaning "Seikilos to Euterpe"; hence, according to this reconstruction, the tombstone and the epigrams thereon were possibly dedicated by Seikilos to Euterpe, who was possibly his wife. (Euterpe is also the name of the Muse of music). Another possible partial reconstruction could be

meaning "Seikilos of Euterpes", i.e. "Seikilos, son of Euterpes".

The tombstone has an inscription on it, which reads in Greek:

A free translation of this reads: "I am a tombstone, an image. Seikilos placed me here as a long-lasting sign of deathless remembrance."

The inscription above each line of the lyrics (transcribed here in polytonic script), consists of letters and signs indicating the melody of the song:

The following is an approximate translation of the tune into modern musical notation:

Although the transcription of the melody is unproblematic, there is some disagreement about the nature of the melodic material itself. There are no modulations, and the notation is clearly in the diatonic genus, but while it is described by Thomas J. Mathiesen and Jon Solomon on the one hand as being clearly in the diatonic Iastian tonos, Mathiesen also says it would "fit perfectly" within Ptolemy's Phrygian tonos, since, according to Jon Solomon and Charles Cosgrove, the arrangement of the tones (1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 [ascending]) "is that of the Phrygian species" according to Cleonides. The overall note series is alternatively described by Egert Pöhlmann and Martin Litchfield West as corresponding "to a segment from the Ionian scale". R. P. Winnington-Ingram says "The scale employed is the diatonic octave from e to e (in two sharps). The tonic seems to be a; the cadence is a e. This piece is ... [in] Phrygic (the D mode) with its tonic in the same relative position as that of the Doric." Yet Claude Palisca explains that the difficulty lies in the fact that "the harmoniai had no finals, dominants, or internal relationships that would establish a hierarchy of tensions and points of rest, although the mese ("middle note") may have had a gravitational function". Although the epitaph's melody is "clearly structured around a single octave, ... the melody emphasizes the mese by position ... rather than the mese by function".

The find has been variously dated, but the first or second century AD is the most probable guess. One authority states that on grounds of paleography the inscription can be "securely dated to the first century C.E.", while on the same basis (the use of swallow-tail serifs, the almost triangular Φ with prolongation below, ligatures between N, H, and M, and above all the peculiar form of the letter omega) another is equally certain it dates from the second century AD, and makes comparisons to dated inscriptions of 127/8 and 149/50 AD.

History of the stele's discovery and exhibition

The Epitaph was discovered in 1883 by Sir W. M. Ramsay in Tralleis, a small town near Aydın. According to one source the stele was then lost and rediscovered in Smyrna in 1922, at about the end of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922. According to another source the stele, having first been discovered during the building of the railway next to Aydin, had first remained at the possession of the building firm's director Edward Purser, where Ramsay found and published about it; in about 1893, as it "was broken at the bottom, its base was sawn off straight so that it could stand and serve as a pedestal for Mrs Purser's flowerpots"; this caused the loss of one line of text, i.e., while the stele would now stand upright, the grinding had obliterated the last line of the inscription. The stele next passed to Edward Purser's son-in-law, Mr Young, who kept it in Buca, Smyrna. It remained there until the defeat of the Greeks, having been taken by the Dutch Consul for safe keeping during the war; the Consul's son-in-law later brought it by way of Constantinople and Stockholm to The Hague; it remained therein until 1966, when it was acquired by the Department of Antiquities of the National Museum of Denmark (Nationalmuseet), a museum situated at Copenhagen. This is where the stele has since been located (inventory number: 14897).

A German scholar Otto Crusius in 1893, shortly after the publication of this inscription, was the first to observe that the music of this song as well as that of the hymns of Mesomedes tends to follow the pitch of the word accents. The publication of the two Delphic hymns in the same year confirmed this tendency. Thus in this epitaph, in most of the words, the accented syllable is higher in pitch than the syllable which follows; and the circumflex accents in λυποῦ lupoû, ζῆν ἀπαιτεῖ zên and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. apaiteî have a falling contour within the syllable, just as described by the 1st century BC rhetorician

One word which does not conform is the first word ὅσον hóson, where the music has a low note despite the acute accent. Another example of a low note at the beginning of a line which has been observed is βαῖν᾽ ἐπὶ baîn᾽ epì in the 2nd Delphic Hymn. There are other places also where the initial syllable of a clause starts on a low note in the music.

Another apparently anomalous word is ἐστὶ estì 'is', where the music has a higher pitch on the first syllable. However, there exists a second pronunciation ἔστι ésti, which is used "when the word expresses existence or possibility (i.e. when it is translatable with expressions such as 'exists', 'there is', or 'it is possible')", which is evidently the meaning here.

The music has certain dots above it, called stigmai (στιγμαί), singular stigmē (στιγμή), which are also found in certain other fragments of Greek music, such as the fragment from Euripides' Orestes. The meaning of these is still uncertain. According to an ancient source (known as the Anonymus Bellermanni), they represent an ' arsis', which has been taken to mean a kind of ' upbeat' ('arsis' means 'raising' in Greek); Armand D'Angour argues, however, that this does not rule out the possibility of a dynamic stress. Another view, by Solomon, is that the stigmai "signify a rhythmical emphasis". According to Mathiesen,

The meaning of the stigme has been debated for years by scholars. Is it an ictus mark, does it indicate stress, does it show arsis or thesis, and which part of the foot ought to be called arsis?

A stigme appears on all the syllables of the second half of each bar as it is printed above (for example on ὅλως, -γον ἔσ-, and ὁ χρόνος). If the Anonymus Bellermanni source is correct, this implies that whole of the first half of each double-foot bar or measure is the thesis, and the whole of the second half is the arsis. Stefan Hagel, however, argues that this does not preclude the possibility that within the thesis and arsis there was a further hierarchy of strong and weak notes.

A possible alternative way of rhythmizing the Seikilos song, in order to preserve the iambic ('rising', di-dum) feel of the rhythm, was recently suggested by Armand D'Angour, with the barlines displaced one quaver to the right, as in the following transcription:

D'Angour adds: "In practice, it is open to listeners to switch their perception of ictus to either manner of execution. When one attempts to sing the piece according to such dynamic accentuation ..., the resulting cross-rhythms give the performer a different (and arguably more interesting) sense of melodic movement from that achieved by stressing the words solely according to the regular alternation of ictus."

Stefan Hagel, discussing an example in the Anonymus Bellermanni, suggests the possibility of a similar transcription with displaced barlines of a line of music with this same rhythm.

Tosca Lynch, however, notes that the song in its conventional transcription corresponds to the rhythm referred to by ancient Greek rhythmicians as an "iambic dactyl" (δάκτυλος κατ᾽ ἴαμβον ( dáktulos kat᾽ íambon) (⏑⏔ ⁝ ⏑⏔) (using the term "dactyl" in the rhythmicians' sense of a foot in which the two parts are of equal length) (cf. Aristides Quintilianus 38.5-6). According to this, the whole of the first half of each bar (e.g. ὅσον thesis, and the whole of the second (ζῇς hóson) is the zêis), as the stigmai imply, is the arsis. From an ancient Greek rhythmician's point of view, therefore, in Lynch's opinion the conventional transcription is to be preferred.

Cosgrove, Charles H., and Mary C. Meyer. 2006. "Melody and Word Accent Relationships in Ancient Greek Musical Documents: The Pitch Height Rule". The Journal of Hellenic Studies 126:68-81.

Cosgrove, Charles. 2011. An Ancient Christian Hymn with Musical Notation: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1786: Text and Commentary. Heidelberg: Mohr Siebeck Verlag. ISBN 3161509234

D'Angour, Armand. 2018. "The Song of Seikilos". In: Tom Phillips and Armand D'Angour (eds). Music, Text, and Culture in Ancient Greece. Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198794462, pp. 64-72.

Devine, A.M., and Laurence D. Stephens. 1994. The Prosody of Greek Speech. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508546-4, ISBN 978-0-19-537335-6.

Hagel, Stefan. 2008. "Ancient Greek Rhythm: The Bellermann Exercises". Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica, New Series, 88, no. 1:125-38.

Landels, John G. 1999. Music in Ancient Greece and Rome. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415167765 (cloth); ISBN 9780415248433 (pbk); ISBN 9780203042847 (ebook).

Lynch, Tosca. 2019. "Rhythmics". In Lynch, T. and Rocconi, E. (eds.), A Companion to Ancient Greek and Roman Music, Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.

Mathiesen, Thomas J. 1981. "New Fragments of Ancient Greek Music". Music Theory Spectrum 7:159-80.

Mathiesen, Thomas J. 1985. "Rhythm and Meter in Ancient Greek Music". Acta Musicologica, Vol. 53, Fasc. 1, pp. 14-32. doi:10.1525/mts.1985.7.1.02a00090

Mathiesen, Thomas J. 1999. Apollo's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Palisca, Claude V. 2006. Music and Ideas in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Studies in the History of Music Theory and Literature 1. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252031564.

Pöhlmann, Egert, and Martin Litchfield West. 2001. Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-815223-1.

Probert, Philomen. 2003. A New Short Guide the Accentuation of Ancient Greek. Bristol Classical Press.

Randel, Don Michael (ed.). 2003. "Seikilos Epitaph". The Harvard Dictionary of Music, fourth edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press for Harvard University Press.

Solomon, Jon D. 1986. "The Seikilos Inscription: A Theoretical Analysis". American Journal of Philology 107 (Winter): 455-79.

Winnington-Ingram, Reginald P. 1929. "Ancient Greek Music: A Survey". Music & Letters 10, No. 4 (October): 326-45. JSTOR 726126

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The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation, from anywhere in the world. The epitaph has been variously dated, but seems to be either from the 1st or the 2nd century AD.

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Then the architecture in the modern age was influenced by the Byzantine and Ottoman empire, the architecture of these period was often built with domes followed by small domes, built with stones. Then there came the Cycladic architecture which is also a very well known type of buildings which they were built with stones into sphere shape at the top and were painted in withe and blue, which was said to be avoiding the heat in such climate in Greece.

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Homer, the legendary Greek author of Iliad and Odyssey, was considered to be born in between 12th and 8th century. he is also considered as one of the most influential author in the history, because of his two epic poetry which had a great influence not only in Greece,but also spread to the western world. However, Homer still remain as a mystery due to the lack of firm information about this ancient man.

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Zorba the Greek had great influence to the Greece society, no matter from the culture to the social and the class structure. one example is the existentialism, meaning a person's view comes and determined from his experience, which is what Zorba promoted. after the novel was turned into an movie, the influence spread worldwide.

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Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) was an Greek writer, was born in Kandiye which "Zorba the Greek " is the most well known novel he had written. He studied law at the University of Athens in 1904-1904, then turn to study philosophy in Sorbonne. After that, he returned to Greece and started some translating work of philosophy. in his late years, he went onto travelling, from Europe to Asia. After the trip to Japan and China, he died on the way home in Germany.

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An Englishman named  Basil was going to re-open a mine from his father and he employed Zorba, a Greek who said he knew things about mine, but then something went wrong, so Zorba taught Basil to enjoy the live.

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Full text of "Nikos Kazantzakis Zorba The Greek"

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NIKOS KAZANTZAKIS ZORBA THE GREEK 'Throughout my life my greatest benefactors have been my dreams and my travels; very few men, living or dead, have helped me in my struggle Prologue to the Greek edition of Zorba the Greek Nikos Kazantzakis was born in 1883 in Herakleion on Crete, then part of the Ottoman Empire.

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A part of the Greek epic poem.

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Language:
The official language of Greece is the modern Greek, however, there were other kinds of Greek spoken in the past and now but only in a small amount of people. For example, the Cappadocian Greek was spoken in the Cappadocia then in Greece, bu thought to be extinct since 1960s. As the image shows, we can clearly see that Greek share some similarities with English in terms of letters

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The literature of Greece began in the ancient Greece, mainly focused on the  surviving  and the mythology. Changing its topic from poetry, drama, to philosophy and science. one of the most famous author is Homer.

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The ancient Greece architecture flourished  on the Greek islands and some places in Italy from 900 BC to 1st AD. The ancient Greek architecture was best known for its temples, built for the Gods of ancient Greece. Besides from temples, Ancient Greeks also built large theater with acoustics, which they designed them to let the audiences at the very back of the row could hear the actors.

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Greek cuisine is one of the Mediterranean cuisines, often uses olive oil, vegetables, fishes, grains and meat. the history of Greek cuisine could trace back thousands of years ago to the ancient Greece, which it continued and survived after all these times and was influenced by the Byzantine, Ottoman and Italian cuisines, but also have influences to these area's cuisines.

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Ancient Greek theater were built open-air with acoustics, which is an amazing work at the time. Which most of the plot were based or inspired from mythology. Most of the dramas were tragedy and moral right, fighting were forbidden on the stage, so the death of character will not be seen by the audience directly, but at the backstage.

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Most of the Greeks are often known for their hospitality and their laid-back attitude like most European countries. in Greece, meeting someone for the first time , you could let somebody else to introduce you to others or you can clearly state your name politely with shaking hands. Greeks will often intrude your personal place and ask personal question just to get to know you,.Close friends normally kissed each other on both cheeks and Between male friends, they could shake hands pad on each other's back.

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The religion of Greece is a very important aspect of the Greece culture. There are 98% of the Greek population is Orthodox Christianity, the others includes, Muslims and Jewish etc. The religion is only wide adopted when the King of the Byzantine Empire announced that Christianity shall be their official religion. After that, the religion held great power in Greece.

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Slides of brief introduction to Greek mythology

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Then the Christianity was divided into two part, the Catholics and the Orthodox, where Greece stayed on the East side which is Orthodox. When the occupations of other Empire came to Greece, the Orthodox put in effort to preserve the Greek language and culture which made Greek nation have a deeper bond between the Orthodox Christianity.

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Music has a great influence in Greece, from the ancient Greece, music takes part in weddings, funerals and ceremonies, even some for poetry.  then it was influenced by the Romans. The Greeks actually performed and studied music with acoustic science in order to make them sound more comfortable. the most commonly used instrument in the old times was lyre

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The art of Greece has a very long history starting from the bronze age which was affected and influenced by the ancient local tradition and beliefs and the ancient Egypt, which made the art found during that period to be focusing on the local lives and mythology of Gods.
Then it is influenced by the Byzantine empire which the focus of art is no longer about ancient Greek God or the humanist ethic but changed into the  glorification of Christianity.,
The modern art of Greece was influenced by the European arts, which at that time when the impressionists had a great affect to the society and the art history, same as the impressionists, Greek artists start to focus on the effects of light and color and transforming from the arts of mythology to the Greek landscape

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I am an individual volunteer that wants to take part in an online project, the kaleidoscope cultural museum. This is to help and give people ideas of the unique and traditional culture of the country-Greece. Due to the globalization going on worldwide, some unique culture are being homogenized via cultural imperialism, which we have to protect the numerous culture from. To help people to know more about the issue, the method is to show everyone the kaleidoscope via Padlets and share in order to literally introduce this to everyone worldwide.

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The Acropolis is a famous ancient remains in the center of the city, it lies on a rocky mountain and combined with many ruins and remains, the most well known building is the Parthenon. Parthenon was a temple for Athena, the ancient goddess which symbolized wisdom and war in the ancient Greece

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Athens
The capital and the largest city of Greece which is one of the oldest city in the world, has been recorded for at least 3400 years, which shows that Greece has a very long history.

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Greece's culture has a very long history, starting from the bronze age and been influence by many other empires, the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire as examples.However, Greece was called the origin of the western culture, influenced the culture by its own democratic government.
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