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Teaching with Primary Sources (Susan B Anthony example)

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Teaching with Primary Sources (Susan B Anthony example)

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Ad*Access
Over 7,000 advertisements printed between 1911 and 1955
African History on the Web
Research guide to primary and secondary sources for African history
American RadioWorks: The President Calling
A great series of audio clips recorded during phone calls in the Oval Offices of John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon
America's Story
Designed for younger kids by the Library of Congress
Ancient History Sourcebook
Resources that help make sense of Mesopotamia,Egypt, Greece, Rome and Hellenistic World
The Authentic History Center
Amazing text and audio files such as letters, diaries, political cartoons, music and speeches from the colonial period to present
American Rhetoric
Database of over 5000 audio, video, and text files of public speeches, sermons, legal proceedings, lectures, debates and interviews
Ancient History on the Web
Greek, Roman, Egyptian & Near Eastern web sites
Asian History on the Web
Extensive list of useful sites
The Avalon Project
World and US documents from the 18th to the 21st centuries
Chronicling America: Historical American Newspapers
Search and view newspaper pages from 1880-1922 & find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present
Digital History
A great source of digital documents and lesson plans
Documenting the American South
Texts, images, and audio files related to southern history, literature and culture
DoHistory Home
Uses A Midwife's Tale to teach the use of primary sources and oral history
EuroDocs: Primary Historical Documents for Western Europe
Selected goodies from Western Europe
Eyewitness to History
History through the eyes of those who lived it
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
High-quality educational material
Footnote
Original historical documents are combined with social networking
Historical Thinking Matters
Designed to teach students how to critically read US History primary sources
Historical Voices
A rich set of exhibits and educational curricula that fully incorporate sound files
HSI: Historical Scene Investigation
Designed for social studies teachers who need a strong pedagogical mechanism for bringing primary sources into their classroom
History & Politics Outloud
A searchable archive of politically significant audio materials
Internet History Sourcebooks Project
Historical texts covering American and world history
The Kansas History Gateway
A huge number of documents and primary sources in local, state and national history
The Labyrinth
Links to Medieval period resources
Latin American History on the Web
Useful list of sites for teachers and students
Letters of Note
An attempt to gather and sort fascinating letters, postcards, telegrams, faxes, and memos

Tons of resources with a focus on EuropeFocuses on American politics with special attention paid to the American Presidency. Some cool speeches!Online location for accessing high-quality resources in K-12 U.S. history educationLots of cool stuff here - lesson plans, artifacts, teaching toolsImages from categories including the Civil War, Politics, Education and ReligionFrom the Smithsonian, historical objects, pics, lesson plans, activities and moreOne hundred links to archives & documentsCreated by the NARA, this site has digital forms of the 100 most important US documents and related lesson plansCovers the history, literature and culture of the Greco-Roman worldRead about, question and discuss the photographsTunes, lyrics, information and historical background of American musicAccess to digital images and materials that enable them to construct compelling personal narrativesSite with links to primary documents, real world data & teaching resourcesAn incredibly rich resource for documents and teaching materialsMaintained by Trish McPherson, media specialist at Stonehill College. Nice blog with great Delicious links!An educational archive of rare and historic newspapersList of pre-colonial to the present sourcesAnother good collection of historical documentsDocuments over five different periods100,000+ vintage advertisements to exploreA unique array of primary source material from 18th Century America5000 hours of secret recordings made the presidents from FDR to NixonCool archive searchable by place and dateWow! Sources, unpacking evidence, case studies, analyzing documents, teaching aids. This site is a must seeAssembled by volunteers of the WW I Military History List Links to World History Document Sources
Helps make sense of the vast amount of source material
Making of America
A digital library of US primary sources from the antebellum period through reconstructionf
Medieval History on the Web
Nice list of general and specific sites
Medieval Sourcebook

Miller Center for Public Affairs

National History Education Clearinghouse

National Park Service / Links to the Past

New York Public Library: Digital Library

Object of History

Online Documents

Our Documents

Perseus Digital Library

Picturing Modern America

Popular Songs in American History

Primary Access

Primary Sources and Real World Data

Primary Source Learning

Primarily History

US Historical Documents

USA - Index to Source Material

A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization

Vintage Ad Browser

Welcome to Archiving America

White House Tapes
World Digital Library

World History Sources

World War I Document Archive

World War One propaganda posters
About 100 different posters ( go here for a huge list of propaganda poster sites)

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Ad*Access Over 7,000 advertisements printed between 1911 and 1955 African History on the Web Research guide to primary and secondary sources for African history American RadioWorks: The President Calling A great series of audio clips recorded during phone calls in the Oval Offices of John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Richard

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Core Map: Claudius Ptolemy, "World Map" from his Geography (Ulm, 1482). Newberry Library call number: Ayer *6 P9 1842. (Printable PDF version of the Core Map)

Resources related to Map1.
Curator's Notes for Map 1.

Overview
All maps are expressions of a particular world view and this one is no exception. Students will begin the exploration of Ptolemy's world map as an expression of the Renaissance view of the world.

Objectives
By the end of this lesson students are expected to:

1. identify the following geographic features and how they are symbolized by Ptolemy, on the Dati T-in-O map, and on a modern map: seas and oceans; land; mountains; rivers; cities; and the winds.

2. identify the strengths and weaknesses of the core map and of a modern map

Key Terms
longitude, latitude, compass, compass rose, terra incognita, winds

Materials
computer image or overhead of the core map, a modern map of the world, the Dati T-in-O map, paper, pencils and colored markers

Time
Two to three hours

Getting Started

1. Display the core map and discuss with students who made the map and when it was made. (This map exhibits one of the major views of the world in Columbus' day and helped inform his and other explorer's understanding of the globe.)

2. Have the students identify major geographic features and the symbols used on the map.

3. Elicit as much information as possible about the map from the students, including identification of the cardinal points of the compass.

4. Point out major place names (click on the map to get modern spelling of place names).

5. Point out and discuss the phrase "terra incognita" (click on term to get English translation).

6. Discuss the purposes of and information given by the non-geographic features and aids on the map (including decorative elements, the grid lines, and the faces of the winds). You can select "Winds" from the menu and click on each highlighted head for a translation of the name as well as some of its characteristics.

7. Compare the core map briefly (for purposes of orientation) to a modern world map.

Developing the Lesson

1. Have each student draw a map of the world free-hand with no other map visible. Each map should represent the world as the student sees it.

2. The students should present their maps and account for how it shows their view of the world. Present the Dati T-in-O map using Getting Started steps 1 - 4 and 6 (there are not translations embedded in the Dati T-in-O map; see Resources for background).

3. Using the maps that students drew in Developing the Lesson step 1 and the Dati T-in-O map, have small groups of students compare the views of the world that each portrays, and describe their strengths and their weaknesses.

4. Referring to the core map, have students deduce what Columbus' view of the world might have been.

5. Using modern map(s), have students explain what the modern view of the world is and account for the differences between the modern and Columbian models.

6. Give students the following task either verbally or in writing, "The curator at the local historical society knows you have been studying some old maps and has asked you to help by writing a description for each of the maps listed below for an exhibit catalogue. It is important that you describe a strength or weakness of the map and explain how the map reflects the mapmaker's view of the world. Each entry should be a paragraph long and should include a small picture of the map (if possible)." The maps are the Dati T-in-O map and the core map.

Evaluations
For 4 points, the student writes a catalog entry for each map. The entries accurately describe the map, provides at least one strength or weakness for each map, and provide a plausible explanation of how the map reflects the mapmaker's view of the world.
For 3 points, on one or two of the map descriptions, the student fails to satisfy one of the requirements for the descriptions as outlined above.

For 2 points, on one or two of the map descriptions, the student fails to satisfy two of the requirements for the descriptions as outlined above.

For 1 point, on one or two of the map descriptions, the student fails to satisfy three of the requirements for the descriptions as outlined above.

For 0 points, the student fails to satisfy all three of the requirements on all of the map descriptions.

Extensions

1. Individuals, small groups or the whole class could write an article for the school newspaper on the maps of Columbus, and submit it in time to be printed in connection with the celebration of Columbus Day.

2. Have students write a memo to Ferdinand and Isabella which either supports funding for Columbus' proposed westward journey or opposes it. Remind your students to make references to the maps that have been studied.

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Historic Maps in K-12 Classrooms - Map 1 - 3-5 Lesson Plan

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Core Map : Claudius Ptolemy, "World Map" from his Geography (Ulm, 1482). Newberry Library call number: Ayer *6 P9 1842. (Printable PDF version of the Core Map) Resources related to Map1. Curator's Notes for Map 1. Overview All maps are expressions of a particular world view and this one is no exception.

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ARCH: Assessment Center for History was developed through a partnership between the UMBC Center for History Education (CHE) and the Howard County Public School System, with support from the United States Department of Education's Teaching American History grant program. ARCH materials may be used in educational settings, following fair-use guidelines.

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Newseum ED is provided as a free educational resource and contains copyrighted material. Registration is required for full access. Signing up is simple and free.

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DocsTeach is a product of the National Archives education division. Our mission is to engage, educate, and inspire all learners to discover and explore the records of the American people preserved by the National Archives.

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Español
Document analysis is the first step in working with primary sources. Teach your students to think through primary source documents for contextual understanding and to extract information to make informed judgments.
Follow this progression:
Use these worksheets - for photos, written documents, artifacts, posters, maps, cartoons, videos, and sound recordings - to teach your students the process of document analysis.

Don't stop with document analysis though. Analysis is just the foundation. Move on to activities in which students use the primary sources as historical evidence, like on DocsTeach.org.

The first few times you ask students to work with primary sources, and whenever you have not worked with primary sources recently, model careful document analysis using the worksheets. Point out that the steps are the same each time, for every type of primary source:

1. Meet the document.

2. Observe its parts.

3. Try to make sense of it.

4. Use it as historical evidence.

Once students have become familiar with using the worksheets, direct them to analyze documents as a class or in groups without the worksheets, vocalizing the four steps as they go.

Eventually, students will internalize the procedure and be able to go through these four steps on their own every time they encounter a primary source document. Remind students to practice this same careful analysis with every primary source they see.

Worksheet for Understanding Perspective in Primary Sources - For All Students and Document Types

This tool helps students identify perspective in primary sources and understand how backgrounds, beliefs, and experiences shape point of view.

Former Worksheets

These worksheets were revised in February, 2017. Please let us know if you have feedback. If you prefer the previous version of the worksheets, you can download them below.

Materials created by the National Archives and Records Administration are in the public domain.

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Español Document analysis is the first step in working with primary sources. Teach your students to think through primary source documents for contextual understanding and to extract information to make informed judgments. Use these worksheets - for photos, written documents, artifacts, posters, maps, cartoons, videos, and sound recordings - to teach your students the process of document analysis.

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History Lessons | Stanford History Education Group

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This curriculum teaches students how to investigate historical questions by employing reading strategies such as sourcing, contextualizing, corroborating, and close reading. Instead of memorizing historical facts, students evaluate the trustworthiness of multiple perspectives on historical issues and learn to make historical claims backed by documentary evidence.

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What are primary sources?

Primary sources are the raw materials of history - original documents and objects that were created at the time under study. They are different from secondary sources, accounts that retell, analyze, or interpret events, usually at a distance of time or place.

Why teach with primary sources?

Bringing young people into close contact with these unique, often profoundly personal, documents and objects can give them a sense of what it was like to be alive during a long-past era. Helping students analyze primary sources can also prompt curiosity and improve critical thinking and analysis skills.

Primary sources expose students to multiple perspectives on significant issues of the past and present. In analyzing primary sources, students move from concrete observations and facts to questioning and making inferences about the materials. Interacting with primary sources engages students in asking questions, evaluating information, making inferences, and developing reasoned explanations and interpretations of events and issues.

Before you begin

Successful student interactions with primary sources require careful primary source selections and lesson planning.

Select one or more primary sources that support the learning objectives and are accessible to students. Consider your students' needs and interests and any logistical factors for using the item, such as legibility or copyright status. The Library of Congress Primary Source Sets for educators are a good place to start and the Free to Use and Reuse sets for more general audiences are another.

Consider whether students will be able to identify point of view, put the items into historical context, and compare these items to other primary and secondary sources.

Plan instruction, including activity types, time required, and whether students will work individually, in small groups, or as a whole class. Use the Primary Source Analysis Tool from the Library of Congress and select guiding questions from the teacher's guide to support students in analyzing the primary sources.

Engage students with primary sources

Primary sources help students relate in a personal way to events of the past and promote a deeper understanding of history as a series of human events. Because primary sources are incomplete snippets of history, each one represents a mystery that students can only explore further by finding new pieces of evidence.

Ask students to observe each primary source.

Where does your eye go first?

What do you see that you didn't expect?

What powerful words and ideas are expressed?

Encourage students to think about their response to the source.

What feelings and thoughts does the primary source trigger in you?

What questions does it raise?

Promote student inquiry

Inquiry into primary sources encourages students to wrestle with contradictions and compare multiple sources that represent differing points of view, confronting the complexity of the past.

Encourage students to speculate about each source, its creator, and its context.

What was happening during this time period?

What was the creator's purpose in making this primary source?

What does the creator do to get his or her point across?

What was this primary source's audience?

What biases or stereotypes do you see?

Ask if this source agrees with other primary sources, or with what the students already know.

Assess how students apply critical thinking and analysis skills to primary sources

Primary sources are often incomplete and have little context. Students must use prior knowledge and work with multiple resources to find patterns and construct knowledge.

Questions of creator bias, purpose, and point of view may challenge students' assumptions.

Ask students to test their assumptions about the past.

Ask students to find other primary or secondary sources that offer support or contradiction.

Ask for reasons and specific evidence to support their conclusions.

Help students identify questions for further investigation and develop strategies for how they might answer them.

Offer students opportunities to demonstrate their learning by writing an essay, delivering a speech taking a stand on an issue in the primary sources, or creating a museum display about a historical topic. For more follow-up activity ideas, take a look at the general or format-specific teacher's guides.

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Getting Started with Primary Sources | Teachers | Programs | Library of Congress

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What are primary sources? Primary sources are the raw materials of history - original documents and objects that were created at the time under study. They are different from secondary sources, accounts that retell, analyze, or interpret events, usually at a distance of time or place.

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The National Archives

A helpful guide to researching primary sources

American Memory Collection
The Library of Congress's digitized collection of written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience

American Library Association: Using Primary Sources on the Web
A guide to finding and using primary sources on the Web
Smithsonian Museums Research Center
The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History Collection
A collection of primary documents and exhibits, with special focus on the Revolutionary, Antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction periods

Constitution.org
A collection of primary source documents pertaining to early American history

100 Milestone Documents
A collection of 100 documents that chronicle United States history from 1776 to 1965

Repository of Primary Sources
A listing of over 5000 websites describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books, historical photographs, and other primary sources from the United States and around the world, compiled by the University of Idaho

DMarie Time Capsule
Database of events in history between 1800 and 2002

QuestionPoint
A cooperative of 1,400 libraries, QuestionPoint is an around the clock reference service where librarians answer questions in real time

Government Information Online
Government information librarians who are experts at finding information from government agencies at all levels answer questions on almost any subject from aardvarks to zygomycosis

Library of Congress
Virtual librarians at the Library of Congress answer questions about their special collections such as the American Memory Historical Collection as well as topics ranging from local history and genealogy to science and technology.

ipl2
A partnership between the Internet Public Library and the Librarians' Internet Index, ipl2 volunteers answer questions within three days.
Historical Sites and Societies
Researching a Historic Property
National Park Services guide to researching architecture and historic sites

National Register of Historic Places
Database of historical sites created by the National Park Service
Directory of Historical and Genealogical Societies in the United States Center for History and New Media California Historical Society Oregon Historical Society Chicago Historical Society Brooklyn Historical Society Oral History
Resources for Teaching Oral History
Books and websites to assist you in teaching and equipping your students to become involved in oral history
Digital Storytelling
TWHistory
Historical reenactments via Twitter, with classroom lesson plan guides

Timerime
Tools for creating digital multimedia timelines

Wordle
Generate word clouds from text

Scrapblog
A multimedia scrapbook tool that provides templates and allows users to save, share, and print work

Shape Collage
Allows users to create picture collages in different shapes

Visual CV
Create online resumes which can include links to video, audio, PDFs, etc

Go to PBS Teachers for more than 3000+ lesson plans and activities.

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Online Resources | History Detectives | PBS

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The National Archives A helpful guide to researching primary sources American Memory Collection The Library of Congress's digitized collection of written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience American Library Association: Using Primary Sources on the Web A