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The Chinese Attack

In late November 1950, the Chinese forces reacted to the fear of an invasion of their territory by launching an immense counteroffensive.

The UNO forces were pushed away southwest over the 38th parallel.

In early 1951, Seoul was once again occupied by the communists.

Eventually, the UNO forces were able to maintain the 37th parallel in the middle of January.

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Stalemate leading to an armistice

The Armistice negotiations which lasted for two years began at Panmunjom.

The fighting continued across a fortified frontier while some small territory of strategic and tactical value transferred.

Their encounter of fighting over ridges or hill tops leads to a lot of deaths and suffering. (The Battle of Bloody Ridge, the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge, the Battle of Pork Chop Hill).

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UNO's attempt to reunite Korea

UNO forces pressed northwards across the 38th Parallel.

Persuaded to achieve "a unified, independent, and democratic government" for the whole of Korea.

The progress was swift since there was minimal North Korean resistance.

The North Korean capital, Pyongyang, was captured on 19 October.

A month later, some American units reached the Yalu River on the border with China.

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UNO's success

UN forces broke through the perimeter to the north.

MacArthur attacked the west coast at Inchon, some 200 miles behind communist lines.

Seoul was relieved. North Korea's army was pushed back across the 38th Parallel. Completing the UNO mission.

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The UNO counter-attack

Chinese and North Koreans withdrew to the 38th parallel

UNO successfully took Seoul back from North Korea.

General MacArthur opposed the idea of using nuclear weapons to invade China.

He was fired by Truman and replaced by General Ridgway.

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North Korea's success

Conquered most of South Korea, capturing its capital, Seoul.

Both UNO troops and South Korean were jailed around Pusan.