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This work establishes that I grasp Concept 1 because in my explanation of how a hemoglobin protein mutates to become hydrophobic and clumped, I had to apply my knowledge of the monomer structure and types of bonds involved in nucleotides and amino acids. I describe why the change in glutamic acid to valine was caused by differences in chemical structures and the sequence of these building block monomers and how it led to change in the DNA strand, primary structure amino sequence, and tertiary structure of hemoglobin. To portray this, I had to understand the concept of monomers being the building blocks of their polymer macromolecules. Also, using my knowledge of monomer structure, I showed how the non polar traits of a phospholipid monomer fatty acid causes the bilayer in the membrane to form.

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In this assignment, my understanding of Concept 2 is seen in my ability to recognize why structures will fold in specific ways due to water’s properties, which allowed me to assess the amphiphilic phospholipid chemical structure, identify nonpolar and polar sections, state why the section will act hydrophilic or -phobic, and describe how the structure will fold as a result of the environment being water. My knowledge of bonding properties and the importance of oxygen dominating the electrons making water polar is demonstrated when I explain why there is an attraction between water molecules and other polar molecules, creating hydrophobicity.

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This work shows my grasp of Concept 4 because in order to write my paragraph that gave the reader an overview of what makes protein synthesis so correlated to life, compared prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and introduced why eukaryotes were essential for forming complex life, I had to apply my understanding of chemical structure and features that define bacteria versus eukaryotic cells, along with the unique traits of a virus. I applied my knowledge of the features of a virus to contrast with living organisms to show why they are not alive and are not affected by antibiotics demonstrating my ability to use this concept and perform higher order thinking with it.

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I demonstrated my knowledge of concept 6 in this work when I described the components of a eukaryotic cell including the cell membrane allowing transportation and protection for the cell and why these organelles working together in the endomembrane system give eukaryotic cells the complexity to interact with proteins and lipids. This work demonstrates my understanding of concept because I went through and described functions of organelles (eg. golgi body, ER) while trafficking the P-glycoprotein which applied my knowledge of different cellular activities and the importance of compartmentalization in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

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Although we have not gone in depth about genes, my protein synthesis description exhibits my knowledge of Concept 9 including the process to a specific protein. This work shows my understanding because fully describing how the P-glycoprotein goes through the synthesis process starting from a DNA strand and detailing how mRNA and tRNA interact in the ribosome using codons and anticodons to translate into a polypeptide amino acid chain while entering the ER lumen,  let me display the sequence of transcription and translation into a specific protein and why Central Dogma happens where it does in the cell.

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My mastery of the first two and last point of Concept 14 is highlighted in my Moderna write up. My analysis of the Phase 1 Clinical Trial Data communicates my ability to analyze data and draw insightful conclusions from the results and controls used.  I described what each axis represents and used my knowledge of this to interpret what Moderna wanted to portray to the public with the levels of S-2P and antibodies. I drew real world conclusions about the effects of the vaccine on S-2P and antibody levels from the data in all four and explained why these conclusions are relevant to the objective of the trial. I wrote about the significance of the convalescent section of each graph and why its role as a positive control was important. These interpretations show I can fully analyze a graph and draw conclusions using the language of biology. Also, I wrote in a level appropriate way in my description of the vaccine I describe complex topics such as the perfusion with the ACE2 receptors.

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This write up was done to showcase my grasp of concept 7. This concept is about the types of cell signaling and how these signals are amplified. I used my knowledge of this concept to write about a scientific paper I analyzed that tested what exactly happens to bees when they are given caffeine. I broke down what types of cell signaling were happening and how/why this signaling affected memory ability of the bees. I detailed ligand gated ion channels and GPCRs and applied it to this situation showing my knowledge.

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Pasted Concept 8 write up to doc that I own

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In order to demonstrate my knowledge of concept 8, I wrote about the process of meiosis. Concept 8 is about detailing how information gets stored into daughter cells. My description of meiosis and how it creates different combinations of alleles allowed me to showcase my understanding of uniqueness of meiosis and how sex cells dividing this way creates genetic variation and therefore evolution. I drew a diagram showing how the alleles combos changed in 1n gametes of both male and female and how that affected the phenotypes of the offspring, showing my ability to apply the knowledge of info in daughter cells to real world concepts.

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This write up of concept 3 shows that I have used what I learned this year in Bio 1 to think about what being alive actually means. Learning about cellular functions and the laws of chemistry greatly developed my understanding of how complex systems work and how they process energy and matter. Although it is still hard to pinpoint the criterias of being alive, I believe this work and my thinking about what makes cells the basic unit of life shows I have thought about it alot in the context of biology.

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For concept 5 I used different excerpts from my work throughout the year to give a full demonstration of my understanding of what phospholipid bilayers are, how they act and why, and how their qualities result in crucial mechanisms of molecules moving transmembrane. After explaining the chemistry of the bilayer, my explanation of active transport tied together energy flow during cellular respiration and how the membrane causes this kinetic energy.

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My write up of the sticky note lab and discussion of biological race being unjustifiable through biology displayed my grasp of concept 10 and how evolution is not just natural selection. I explained how allele frequency trends occur and change by events other than "survival of the fittests" such as gene flow, and how there is not just a set of alleles or phenotypes that can be looked at to clearly make racial categories, making race a social concept.

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*You looked over this concept on Friday and said my discussion on energy conversion when electrons are transferred in the redox reactions during the electron transport chain did a good job to demonstrate concept 11.

In total this write up showed I grasped the process of cellular respiration and how energy is converted (not created) through reactions and the electrochemical gradient; I think it did show energy flow during metalbolism

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In order to demonstrate my grasp of concept 12, I used the fascinating enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to talk about the what enzymes are, how they function, and why this function of speeding up reactions is vital to life and the various processes of living organisms. I gave a detailed description of active sites using ADH as an example, and how competitive inhibitors work. These components of my write up cumulatively show how the process behind how enzymes and giving a real world example of one.

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My group and I made a diagram showcases how energy flows in the big picture and why it is not created or destroyed, but rather converted into different forms. The diagram encapsulated the flow of matter through cellular activities, ending with muscle contraction, and how thermodynamic laws affect the cycle. My write up of cellular respiration further details energy conversion in cellular activities and oxygen is needed for human life to exist.