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Verb tenses table with examples English grammar PDF - Learning English vocabulary and grammar

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Verb tenses table with examples English grammar PDF - Learning English vocabulary and grammar

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Everyday Grammar: You Had Better Learn Modals!

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Everyday Grammar: You Had Better Learn Modals!

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For VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.

This week we are going to show you how to give advice using modal verbs. Modal verbs (called modals for short) are auxiliary verbs that express a speaker's attitude and the strength of that attitude. For example, "He should visit Prague."

In this sentence, should is the modal verb, and visit is the main verb.

The simple form of a verb goes after a modal. Do not add the third person "s" to a verb after a modal. It would sound strange to say "He should visits Prague" or "He should to visit Prague." The correct way is "He should visit Prague."

There are about 17 modals in English-grammar experts do not agree on an exact number. Today we will focus on three common modals used for giving advice: should, ought to, and had better.
Using should
Let's start with should. Should has multiple meanings. It can be used to express certainty, such as, "He should be here by five o'clock." Should can be a substitute for the conditional word if. You might hear someone say, "Should you need help, just ask me."

But more often, we use should to give suggestions and friendly advice, such as "You should apply for that job" or "You should try that new restaurant."

The past form of the modal should is should have + the past participle. For example, "I should have brought my wallet." Notice that the main verb brought is in the past participle form. Use should have to express regret, or a negative feeling about the past. Imagine you trusted someone and that person later cheated on you. You could say, "I should have known better than to trust him." The Beatles used the expression in a popular song.

I should have known better with a girl like you
That I would love everything that you do
And I do
Hey hey hey
Using ought to
The next modal we will talk about is ought to. Ought to is another modal for giving advice. Sometimes ought to sounds more like "otta" as in this romantic song by Al Green.

Sit back down and talk to me
About how you want to be
You ought to be with me
Yeah you ought to be with me

Ought to is similar in meaning to should, but it is not used as often. In modern American English, ought to is seldom used with the past tense or in the question form.
Using had better
Let's move on to had better. Had better is stronger than should and ought to. Had better carries an indirect threat. For example, if you said, "You had better finish the report," you are not making a polite suggestion. You are making an indirect threat. In other words, if you don't finish the report, you are in trouble. Authority figures sometimes use had better when speaking to people below them. Parents also use this form often.

Listen to cartoon character Malory Archer. Malory is the head of a spy agency. People think she is arrogant and heartless. Listen to her tone when she uses had better.

Oh for-I'll send up some help.
And Missy, you had better watch it!

As you can hear, Malory is not making a polite suggestion. She is threatening someone in a lower position.

Had better is not always impolite, it could express a sense of urgency as in, "Your plane is leaving! You had better run!" In other words, "If you don't run, you will miss your flight." Had better has no past tense or question form.
Modals in rapid speech
Should, ought to, and had better can be difficult for English learners to hear. Native speakers often shorten these words in casual conversation. In rapid speech, modals seem to disappear because they are shortened and often fall on unstressed syllables.

We will read some examples for you. The first sentence will be in slow, careful speech. Then we will read it again in rapid, informal speech.

I should have been listening to what she had to say.
I shoulda been listenin' ta what she had t' say.
You ought to be ashamed of yourself.
You otta be ashamed of yourself.

You had better decide what you want to do.
You'd better decide whatcha wanna do.

That's all the advice we have for you today. There is much more to learn about modals. We will cover them in more detail in future episodes. Until then, you should practice modals with British punk band, The Clash.

Darling you've got to let me know
Should I stay or should I go
If you say that you are mine
I'll be here till the end of time
So you've got to let me know
Should I stay or should I go

I'm Pete Musto.

And I'm Jill Robbins.
Adam Brock wrote this story for Learning English. Dr. Jill Robbins was the editor.
_________________________________________________________________

Words in This Story

modal verb - a verb (such as can, could, shall, should, ought to, will, or would) that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility, necessity, and permission

auxiliary verb - a verb (such as have, be, may, do, shall, will, can, or must) that is used with another verb to show the verb's tense, to form a question, etc.

attitude - n. the way you think and feel about someone or something

certainty - n. the state of being or feeling about how likely it is that something will happen

conditional - adj. showing or used to show that something is true or happens only if something else is true or happens

past participle - the form of the verb that is used with "have" in perfect tenses and with "be" in passive constructions

arrogant - adj. having or showing the insulting attitude of people who believe that they are better, smarter, or more important than other people

unstressed - adj. not having an accent

syllable - n. any one of the parts into which a word is naturally divided when it is pronounced
Now it's your turn. Think of a friend that you would like to give advice. Write to us in the comments section. Write two sentences - using should, ought to, or had better - giving advice. We'll give you feedback.

​

​

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Everyday Grammar: You Had Better Learn Modals!

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Everyday Grammar takes on the challenge of three modal verbs. When English speakers give advice, they can choose between should, ought to, and had better. Learn the difference between these words and how to use them to give good advice.

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Vous trouverez sur ce site des conseils de plusieurs professeurs pour vos révisions!! Good Luck! Sprachcaffe (Thank you Laure!! 🙂 ... Plus conseils oral bac anglais, conseils révisions bac anglais One week to go......time to do a bit of last minute revision! Good luck! Réviser avec des vidéos (5 vidéos ...

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Learning English - Exercises, Grammar, Vocabulary, Tests, Games

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Learning English - Grammar, Vocabulary, Exercises, Tests, Games and Exams - Teaching and Learning English

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Great tables to understand English tenses - learn English,grammar,tenses,charts

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Great tables to understand English tenses - learn English,grammar,tenses,charts

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Great tables to understand English tenses

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Use these tables to understand and master English tenses!

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In this penultimate episode of Learn English With Photos, we visit Saltram House, a stately home near Plymouth, UK, which was used during the filming of the 1995 movie Sense and Sensibility. Click to download a transcript and glossary.

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Learn English With Photos 19 - Saltram House

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In this penultimate episode of Learn English With Photos, we visit Saltram House, a stately home near Plymouth, UK, which was used during the filming of the 1995 movie Sense and Sensibility. Click here to download a transcript and glossary.

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Using The Present Perfect Tense in English

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Using The Present Perfect Tense in English

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For information on how to make the present perfect, click here.
Download this explanation in PDF here.

We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions.

Unfinished Actions
1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'. We often use stative verbs. 'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived). We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months). Finished Actions
2: Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here. 3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is still continuing. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.

NOT:I've seen him yesterday.

4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result). We often use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English. 5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English. Been and Gone
In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances. We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the person we're talking about visited the place and came back. We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now. Read more about the difference between the present perfect and the past simple here.
Read more about the difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous here.
Try some present perfect exercises here.

Need more practice? Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses.

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Using The Present Perfect Tense in English

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For information on how to make the present perfect, click here. Download this explanation in PDF here. We use this tense for unfinished and finished actions. Unfinished Actions 1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the present.

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When a sentence is written, it can either be written in active voice or passive voice.

Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. For example: Tom changed the flat tire.

Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb. For example: The tire was changed by Tom.

In most cases, writing sentences in passive voice is discouraged because it can obscure the subject of the sentence, and confuse the reader. It also usually creates a wordy and awkward sentence construction.

Defining Passive Voice

Every sentence contains, at minimum, a subject and an action. The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about, and the action is what the subject is doing.

When a sentence is in active voice, the subject is doing the action and the subject typically comes before the action in the sentence. For example:

I swim. I is the subject. Swim is the action. The subject doing the action comes before the action, so it is immediately clear to the reader who is doing what.

When a sentence is in passive voice, the subject is being acted on by the verb and the subject typically comes after the action. For example:

Swimming is something I do. Here, the action is swimming. The subject is I. The sentence is in passive voice, since the person doing the action (I) is not mentioned until after the action

Some sentences also contain objects - the thing being acted upon. This can make it more difficult to determine whether the sentence is in passive voice. For example, here is a sentence in active voice:

Anna hits the ball. Anna is the subject. Hits is the action. The ball is the object.

That same sentence in passive voice reads:

The ball is hit by Anna.

The ball is the object - not the subject of the sentence. The ball is not doing an action. Therefore, it should be after the subject (Anna)

Tips to Recognize the Passive Voice

Sometimes a sentence in passive voice does not necessarily sound "wrong" or wordy. However, it is still best to write in active voice when possible.

In order to recognize that a sentence is in passive voice, watch out for these keywords:

How to Change Voice from Passive to Active

In order to change passive voice to active voice, you need to recognize what the subject of the sentence is and then rewrite the sentence so the subject is performing the action.

Let's use the following example to understand how to change passive voice to active voice:

Extensive training on the new safety procedures was required to be attended by the maintenance staff.

We can recognize that this sentence is in passive voice because the keyword was is used, and because it is not initially clear who or what this sentence is about. In order to correct the sentence:

Step One: Identify the subject of the sentence - who is doing an action? The training is not doing an action, so it can't be the subject. The only person or thing doing an action here is the maintenance staff. They are attending training. So, the maintenance staff is the subject of the sentence.

Step Two: Rewrite the sentence so the subject is performing the action. This sentence could be rewritten to active voice as follows:

The maintenance staff had to attend extensive training on the new safety procedures.

This rewrite makes it immediately clear to the reader who is doing what. The subject is doing the action.

Practice Changing Passive to Active Voice

1. The jar is filled with sand.

2. Reading is enjoyed by Mary.

3. The town was destroyed by fire.

4. The room will be cleaned by John every Saturday.

5. Cheese was eaten by Sara.

Correct the following five sentences to practice changing passive to active voice. The answers are below:

1. Sand filled the jar. (Sand is the subject, filled is the action)

2. Mary enjoys reading. (Mary is the subject, enjoys is the action)

3. Fire destroyed the town. (Fire is the subject, destroyed is the action)

4. John will clean the room every Saturday. (John is the subject, clean is the action)

5. Sara ate the cheese. (Sara is the subject, ate is the action)

Answers to Practice Sentences

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When a sentence is written, it can either be written in active voice or passive voice. Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. For example: Tom changed the flat tire. Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb.

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DOL stands for Daily Oral Language. DOL activities will improve your reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. You will be expected to teach the concepts for these slides during whole group discussion. dol-83-days revised movie format Review either the PowerPoint above or these slides (pictures) below to become a master editor!

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Grammaire anglaise: Cours, leçons et fiches de révision de grammaire anglaise

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Grammaire anglaise: Cours, leçons et fiches de révision de grammaire anglaise

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Grammaire anglaise: Cours, leçons et fiches de révision de grammaire anglaise

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Apprendre l'anglais > Cours d'anglais gratuits > Fiches de grammaire prêtes à imprimer Plus jamais ça! Nos fiches de grammaire anglaise se téléchargent rapidement, sont faciles à archiver et à imprimer. 45 FICHES DE GRAMMAIRE ANGLAISE PRETES A IMPRIMER Très pratiques, les fiches de révision de grammaire anglaise vous seront bientôt indispensables pour réviser votre grammaire.

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Test de niveau gratuit en anglais : grammaire, compétence linguistique

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Erreurs récurrentes en expression personnelle

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Erreurs récurrentes en expression personnelle

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Learn this, NOW

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Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to Yvan BAPTISTE.

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Voici des erreurs que l’on retrouve souvent en expression personnelle

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Cliquez sur (A) ou (B) pour choisir la seule bonne réponse, puis observez les commentaires au centre de l’écran

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Do it yourself English

Make a plan on your own or with a friend, using your favorite songs, lyrics, movies, videos, TV news, etc. to challenge yourself 15 minutes a day, and have fun understanding, speaking and singing in English - variety is the spice of life!

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Make a plan on your own or with a friend, using your favorite songs, lyrics, movies, videos, TV news, etc. to challenge yourself 15 minutes a day, and have fun understanding, speaking and singing in English - variety is the spice of life!

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Practise and improve your grammar by watching our Grammar Snack videos. The videos show the grammar being used in natural conversations. Then read an explanation of the grammar point and do the exercises to check that you can use the language correctly.

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Watch grammar videos | LearnEnglish Teens - British Council

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Practise and improve your grammar by watching our Grammar Snack videos. The videos show the grammar being used in natural conversations. Then read an explanation of the grammar point and do the exercises to check that you can use the language correctly.

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The English Blog: 20 Ways to Improve Your English

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The English Blog: 20 Ways to Improve Your English

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Not grammar, but lots of good suggestions.

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Here's a presentation I did for the new intake of FC (= Continuing Education) students at the EM Normandie, some of whom will be taking the e-learning version of our Master's Degree. Click on the logos and screenshots for more information. You can download the PowerPoint version .

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Here's a presentation I did for the new intake of FC (= Continuing Education) students at the EM Normandie, some of whom will be taking the e-learning version of our Master's Degree. Click on the logos and screenshots for more...

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TIMSBOX jeux anglais enfants -HIGH_SCHOOL_CHALLENGE 2- Défi College Grammaire

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TIMSBOX jeux anglais enfants -HIGH_SCHOOL_CHALLENGE 2- Défi College Grammaire

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