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The famous Austrian geologist Eduard Züss understood the biosphere as the totality of all living organisms on Earth. Russian scientist Vernadsky V.I. expanded the concept of the biosphere, including not only living organisms, but the geological shells inhabited by them. In 1926, Venadsky's book "Biosphere" was published, where he shows that the activity of living organisms changes the geological shells of the Earth and creates the biosphere.

The biosphere, as mentioned earlier, is an open system. Sunlight is the source of energy for its existence. Living organisms use this energy to extract various chemical elements from inanimate nature and involve them in the circulation of substances.

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What is the Biosphere - More Grades 9-12 Science

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In the process of photosynthesis, the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of chemical bonds formed by the organic matter of plants, which is partially used by the plants themselves during their respiration. The biosphere is a complex system that includes components of both animate and inanimate nature. The upper part of the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the lower part of the atmosphere belong to inanimate nature.
Biogeocenosis is an elementary structural unit of the biosphere, while the biosphere itself is a global ecological system - the noosphere.
Biogenic substance. These are the substances that are formed as a result of the vital activity of organisms (sedimentary rocks, minerals: oil, coal, peat).

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1.  What is the name of the process in which the biosphere uses the energy of sunlight? Name and explain.
2. What are the components of the biosphere? Name at least 2 of them.
3. What is the elementary structural unit of the biosphere?
4. What is the difference between living matter and inert matter? Give an example.
5. How do you understand the term Biogenic substance? Give 2-3 examples.

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1. The biomass of various parts of the Earth's surface depends on many climatic conditions. For example, in the tundra, where climatic conditions can be called severe (permafrost, low temperatures, short and cold summers), peculiar plant communities with a small biomass have formed. Mosses, lichens, various forms of creeping dwarf trees grow in the tundra, there is also grassy vegetation.
Question 1. Why can't we find plants that grow in the taiga in the tundra?
Question 2. What will happen to taiga plants if they are transplanted into the tundra?
Question 3. How is the relationship between the biosphere and plant distribution reflected?

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Screening of fragments of a film about the biosphere without sound!

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Make up a story by linking the movie to the topic of the lesson.

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Which of the global environmental problems are caused by human activities?