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How the internet has changed everyday life

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How the internet has changed everyday life

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positive things:

can be described as a magical world

new things: like art, music, videos, pictures, shopping, netflix etc.

everything is possible

can talk to people while searching for sth. and play games on one device, over one line

can communicate with people all over the world whenever you want

able to share ideas and thoughts

spread knowledge all over the world

useful for learning or researching

brings the world closer together

necessary for our globalized world

enrich lives

negative aspects:

ugly things like: pornography, hate, violence, cyber bullying, cyber attacks etc.

anonymity —>fake identities

fake news

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is a community or society possessing highly desirable or near perfect qualities

term comes from the Greek words for ´no place´and ´good place´

has been used to describe both intentional communities that attempt to create an ideal society, and imagined societies portrayed in fiction set in a distant place or the future

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a very bad or unfair society in which there is a lot of suffering

the power of industrialization and science and two world wars, created anxiety about the future

pessimistic visions of future societies flourished

they were negative tendencies in contemporary societies -> for example technological progress, societal changes and environment disaster, which if unaddressed may become uncontrollable in the future

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The Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Debate provoked a second civil war

the Bill of Life was passed

you cannot abort, but between the ages of 13 and 18, you can "unwind" (abort) your child, but the life of the child must not technically end

retroactively "abort" a child; life is terminated and yet kept alive

called "unwinding" -> now a common and accepted practice in society

the story centers around Connor, Risa, and Lev who have been scheduled to be unwound but together the have chance to escape and to survive

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brown eyes and brown messy hair

tense relationship with his family because of constant conflicts and no trust in each other

troublemaker, easily angered, and often loses his temper, as well as impulsive

sarcastic comments

he worries about Lev even though he betrayed them

throughout the book Connor slowly learned to control his temper and be more rational about things, he changes from being an out-of-control, relentless teenager who acts out without thinking of the consequences to a person who contains his rage enough to rationalize and see the dangers hidden in every situation, mostly through the help and guidance of Risa

At the end of the book, Connor becomes the new Admiral for the Graveyard

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"an angelic boy" with blond hair and blue eyes

he used to wear white a lot, like other tithes, but after he ventured with CyFi, he no longer wished to wear the color as it only reminded him of how he was raised to be tithed

he's voluntarily offering himself as a sacrificial unwind (called a 'tithe') because he is a very religious person

the Lassiters had Lev, the tenth child, to be given to the church as a sign of devotion and sacrifice

Lev sees the tithing as being an honor and hates Unwinds

Lev receives a great shock when he learns that he has been betrayed by the people that he loves most -> despite all that has happened to Lev, he still believes that being a tithe is the right thing for him; his purpose in life

after losing Connor and Risa, Lev has met the Unwind CiFy-> he had an accident when he was younger and has now new temporal lobe

-> the temporal lobe is a part of the brain and it controls the behavior and personality and it analyzes everything we see and hear, and helps us understand the information it receives

CiFy is charged with theft but he explains that he cant control it, he feels when Tyler (the Unwind) is taking over and hes not himself butTyler cant understand that he is already gone

throughout the book Lev learns to survive alone on the street-> makes him very cold and because of his growing hatred for the world, he decides to become a clapper, but, eventually, his past values overwhelmed his negative emotions

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she has shiny, silky, dark brown hair and brown eyes

she had to change her hair and eye colors when she went into hiding-> her eyes were changed to a subtle green and her hair wavy and red

grew up in a state home-> belongs to the state and she had always been under the pressure to be great in the field

strict to herself-> perfectionists

honest and direct with realistic and pessimistic views, but also intelligent

Unwind reason: she has reached her full potential

has trust issues in the beginning but throughout the book she falls in love with Connor

has good survival and medical skills:

very streetwise when she was on the run with Connor and Lev

she was sometimes assigned to nurseries in the state home-> good at taking care of children

she is strongly against Unwinding-> she refused a transplant to replace her shattered spine with an Unwind's, leaving her paralyzed from the waist down; but she is forced to do the treatment and finds guilty pleasure in being able to walk again

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bad grades at school

unwanted children

fights/ conflicts

parents fighting about custody

violence

not enough talent

aggressions against others

to serve god and tithing

=> for our society, unwinding is highly problematic (ethically speaking)

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• Interdisciplinary field, integrates:
mechanical- , electrical- , information- , bio- , computer- , control- , software- engineering

• involves design, construction, operation and the use of robots

• goal: design machines that can help & assist humans/ replace manual labor and increase efficiency, speed and overall performance

• develop machines that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions

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Web 2.0 - Giving everybody a voice or creating chaos?

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Web 2.0 - Giving everybody a voice or creating chaos?

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Major difference between web 1.0 and web 2.0:

web 2.0 websites enable users to create, share, collaborate and communicate their work with others, without any need of any web design or publishing skills

these capabilities were not present in Web 1.0 environment

benefits:

you can start leaderless movements over the internet

it’s good because it’s hard to supress

news spread quickly

available at any time, any place

variety of media

ease of usage

learners can actively be involved in knowledge building

can create dynamic learning communities

everybody is the author and the editor, every edit that has been made can be tracked

user-friendly

updates in the wiki are immediate and it offers more sources for researchers

it provides real-time discussion.

dangers:

there can be fake news

headlines are always written in capital letters and much of content appears to be invented —> exaggerated to create e.g fear

fake news spreaders call themselves as fighters in an „information war“ —> war without blood

cyber attacks

hacker attacks

social bots

could create buzz in the social network

it’s difficult to be prepared for these attacks

lifeless connections/less face to face

less intimate connections

people spend more time with the internet than with family and friends

different identity on the internet

a lot of anonymity

example: Wikipedia

pros:

everyone can share his ideas

you can search for any topic

will get a detailed summary

300 different languages & more than 4 million articles

try to improve the control of the articles

cons:

correctness of the articles can not always be controlled

people intentionally can fake information

without registration they can edit articles

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„watching devices“ that we are capable of seeing:
• cameras flying over roadways to catch speeding motorists or parking violators

• personal monitoring devices: dash cams, cyclist helmet cameras, doorbells with lenses

• drones in the sky

• more than 1700 satellites monitor our planet

• China monitors its population through the social credit system

Tech at home is spying on you:
• Facebook like button

• smartphone location services

• mobile phone Networks

• facial recognition

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Meaning in general:

genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins

the results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder

CLONING:

Methods of cloning:
1.Nuclear transfer

nucleus of a cell organism that is supposed to be cloned is removed and transferred into a denucleated egg cell

the egg cell then develops as a genetic  clone of the donor cell since it carries its genetic material

the special environment in the egg cell leads to the reprogramming of the nucleus so that it loses its characteristics and development starts  all over again

As we know this method was also used with the sheep Dolly, which was the first sheep that was cloned

2.Embryo splitting

refers to the formation of twins through artificial microsurgical splitting of an embryo at the earliest stage of formation of the embryo

the technique involves the separation of the embryo into two equal halves in the later blastocyst stage

after separation, the genetically identical embryos can continue to develop

allows it to obtain ideally several embryos with identical genetic features from one embryo

Therapeutic cloning:

to generate stem cells from an embryo

the embryo dies during this method

is useful for curing diseases or for transplantations

Reproductive cloning:

does not destroy the embryo

various animal species have already been cloned by this method

production of genetically identical individuals

each newly produced individual is a clone of the original

Purposes of cloning:

aim is to obtain embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the donor organism

these stem cells are pluripotent so that they can develop into all cell types of the body

they are of specific interest for therapeutic purposes

in this way diseases caused by the loss of certain cell types or tissues could be cured

also helpful for transplantations

Pros and cons of cloning:

pros:

1. It can help prevent the extinction of species

2. It can help increase food production

3. It can help couples who want to have children

cons:
1. The process is not entirely safe and accurate

2. It is regarded as unethical, and the probability of abuse is very high

3. The offspring lack genetic uniqueness

4. It is not yet fully-developed

PRENATAL TESTING:
Cell-Free DNA Screening:

requires blood draw from the mother

DNA fragments from placenta in the blood are used to determine the abnormalities

you have to assume Placenta DNA = baby DNA

+ sensitive for down syndrome, trisomy 13 and 18

DNA Diagnostic:

+ more thorough

+ offered after abnormal screening

- some may not want this invasive technique

Chorionic villus sampling:

removal of tissue sample from the baby using a needle or via crevix

performed between the 10th to 13th week of pregnancy

+ sooner diagnosis

- risk for miscarriage (0.28%)

Amniocentesis:

fluid around baby is gathered via needle which contains fecal matter together with cell tissue

performed 15 weeks into pregnancy or later

- risk for miscarriage (0.25%)

-> if the results are concerning patients will visit a genetic counselor who can guide them to their decision

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• also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation
• is the science of changing the genetic structure as well as inserting genes or remove genes
-> altering the DNA in an organism‘s genome

• used to enhance or modify the characteristics of an individual organism

Important techniques of genetic engineering

• In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

- artificial fertilization
- carried out in a test tube
- egg cells capable of being fertilized are     taken from the woman. These are placed in a nutrient solution and fertilized with the partner's sperm cells.

• CRISPR gene editing

- technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms are modified
- allows individual DNA building blocks to be inserted, removed or modified.
- based on a simplified version of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system

• Gene therapy (or human gene transfer)

- Concept: fix a genetic Problem at its source
- process of transferring genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a person.
- medical intervention based on modification of the genetic material of living cells which is then given to humans.

Possible and present- day outcomes of genetic engineering

• designer baby

- genetic makeup has been selected or altered
- include a particular gene or to remove genes associated with diseases

• savior sibling

- child who is born to provide an organ or cell transplant to a sibling that is infected with a disease
- conceived through in vitro fertilization
- fertilized zygotes are tested for genetic compatibility and only zygotes that are compatible with the existing child are implanted

• genetically modified organisms or transgenic organisms

- animals, plants or bacteria that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes
-> including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease..

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OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

PROS:

Artifical intelligence, robots

one can predict everything beforehand (diseases, earthquakes)

medicine to cure diseases and save lives and potential to live longer

new inventions and technology

production of new foods: lowers costs and more food for growing population

faster growth in animals and plants

next generation should have a better life

surgeries were also seen as playing God years ago

the goal should be improving the human condition

same-sex couples can have genetically related children

no winning the genetic lottery: start from the same fair level

adults can also benefit afterwards

CONS:

can be dangerous

machines might take the job away-> machines vs humans

things can get out of control

Disasters, the destructive potential of autonomic energy and nuclear or chemical weapons

may lead to genetic defects

limits genetic diversity in the world

is it ethical correct?

Religion: seems wrong to play God

negative and unknown side effects

one does not know the long term effects

increasing dependence on industrialized nations by developing countries and domination of well-developed countries

Cheat of genes and talent: every parent would want their child to be an artist etc.

unbalanced society since there will be people against it with normal traits (superior, inferior)

OF GENETIC TESTING

PROS:

does not necessarily identify a specific disease but may identify risk factors that require special treatment-> early detection enables a rapid treatment

by a negative test result it eliminates the need for unnecessary checkups and screening tests in some clases

CONS:

increase pressure and stress-> no matter if the gene testing is positive or negative

-> if the test is negative, there is still a chance of developing a disease

-> if the test is positive, you constantly think about the disease without actually knowing if it develops

values of inheritance is changed

people know they are determine the genetic make-up

desire for eugenics

rate of abortions of children with diseases or disabilities would be increased

you will become the “product“

big pharma or companies industries want your DNA and could deal with it so it could fall into wrong hands

destructing DNA can be difficult

you don’t know how long the sample will be kept

your results could become part of a global database

ethically controversial

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Social media & social apps - towards social dystopia?

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Social media & social apps - towards social dystopia?

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benefits:

you can reach a large pool of people that are interested in your products or services

you can be creative

you have access to paid advertising services

you can build you own business

you can have a lot of fun while creating post

dangers:

loosing yourself —> because of trying to look perfect on the internet

your private photos can be used by others if you post them

some pictures can have geotags that reveal your location

takes too much time of our life

puts people in dangerous situations     —>e.g  when you walk across the street and look on your smartphone instead of what’s in front of you

you can receive negative comments

you open up the potential for embarrassment

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• natural, artificial or technology change of the human body to reach certain physical or mental capabilities

• any kind of genetic, biomedical or pharmaceutical intervention -> aimed at proving human capacities

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• „cybernetic organism“

• technologically modified biological life form  -> being with organic and biomechatronic body parts

• it’s an organism that improves its abilities based on feedback from an artificial component

• can be any kind of organism

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• intelligence demonstrated by machines - unlike natural intelligence from humans and animals which includes emotionality

• ability of computer systems to perform tasks that are usually done by humans requiring human intelligence

Positive sides:
• employees can focus on important things- AI can do the boring tasks

• using AI- companies are able to remove human bias from hiring process

• make life safer for people - dangerous jobs

• doctors can be notified on the health matters of patients

Dangers:
• automation job loss

• privacy violations

• weapon automatization

• outsmart humanity

• gain more capabilities than us
-> take place on the evolutionary ladder and dominate us

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• discover a terrorist and the ones he is working with
-> can’t get the information without trawling the data of millions of innocent people

• spot thieves

• collect information to keep us safe

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• unsuspecting citizens are captured by facial recognition technology and stored in law enforcement and private sector data basis -> no control

• government are having intimate information about billions of people

• in a year 106 millions New surveillance cameras are sold - more than 3 million ATMs stare back at their customers

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URBAN LEGEND

is a genre of folklore comprising stories circulated as true, especially as having happened to a friend or family member, often with horrifying or humorous elements

HUMPHREY DUNFEE

based on a english nursery rhyme called "Humpty Dumpty"

nobody knows what exactly happens in the Unwind process

once youre unwind you cant get back together

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THE GRAVEYARD:

is a refugee community for runaway Unwinds and its run by The Admiral, who imposes strict rules

the Unwinds live inside plane carcasses and have to contribute to the community

THE ADMIRAL:

Admiral Dunfee is the former leader of the Graveyard

his real name is unknown

he was one of the founding fathers of the Bill of Life and he and his wife decided to set an example with their son Harlan but when they changed their mind it was too late

Harlan became known as "Humphrey Dunfee"-> the father managed to hack into the National Unwind Database and tried to find every single person who received a piece of Humphrey to make him whole again-> the Admiral and his wife gathered everyone in one place who received a part from Harlan

the Admiral eventually set up the Graveyard to make up for it-> he planned to let runaway Unwinds hide until they turned eighteen, or until they find a sponsor willing to falsify their identification

he ends up giving up his position to Connor Lassiter after a near death experience

CLAPPERS:

"young terrorists" whose circulatory systems have been pumped up with a chemical close in compostion to triglycerides that makes their blood explosive

name because they detonate by bringing their hands together in powerful applause

some people need detonators, which look like Band-Aids, to activate the explosion

Lev was a clapper who didnt clap which confused the people; for years Unwinds were just faceless kids that no one wanted but he put a face on it and it shows the society that Unwinds are also humans and deserve a right to live

HARVEST CAMPS:

also called unwinding facilities and the Chop Shop among Unwinds

licensed clinics or facilities in which Unwinds are prepared for a divided state

every single one of them is located in a spectacularly scenic location, perhaps to remind its guests of the big picture, and the reassuring majesty of a larger plan and the grounds are also as well maintained as a resort, filled with bright pastel colors and as little red as possible, since red is psychologically associated with anger, aggression and blood

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term used to describe the activity of leaving ones' own infant on someone's else's doorstep

if they get caught they will be obliged to take the baby back, but if not then the one who ends up with baby on their doorstep has to keep the stork

reasons: if they cannot provide for their child or do not want one