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The Civil Rights Movement or 1960s Civil Rights Movement (also referred to as the African-AmericanCivil Rights Movement although the term "African American" was not widely used in the 1950s and 1960s) encompasses social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination ...

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The onset of the Cold War, which was a period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, drastically altered life for Americans. While the battle against communist subversion raged internationally throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the effects of the conflict were eventually felt on the home front.

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John F. Kennedy - 05/25/1961: In an address to Congress, Kennedy pledges that the Unites States will land a man on the moon by the end of the decade. May 25, 1961

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John F. Kennedy - 05/05/1961: Alan Sheppard Jr. becomes the first American in space.
Alan Sheppard Jr. becomes the first American in space. May 05, 1961

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John F. Kennedy - 04/15/1961: A U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba. A U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs fails. With inadequate support and facing an overwhelming force, the CIA-trained brigade of anti-Castro exiles is defeated in a few days. Kennedy takes responsibility for the disaster. April 15, 1961 - April 20, 1961

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John F. Kennedy - 04/12/1961: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space. April 12, 1961

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John F. Kennedy - 03/01/1961: Kennedy, fulfilling a campaign pledge, issues. Kennedy, fulfilling a campaign pledge, issues an executive order creating a temporary Peace Corps and asks Congress to authorize the program permanently. He appoints Sargent Shriver to head the organization. March 01, 1961

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"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future."

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"Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names."

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"My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."

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Some worried that Kennedy's inexperience made him a poor choice to lead the nation during such a challenging time.

Early errors in judgment, particularly in the Bay of Pigs fiasco, seemingly confirmed these fears. By the summer of 1962, the administration was in trouble. A particularly difficult Cold War climate abroad, an antagonistic Congress at home, increasingly bold activist groups agitating for change, and a discouraging economic outlook all contributed to an increasingly negative view of the Kennedy White House. That impression began to change in the fall of 1962

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John F. Kennedy, known in his family as Jack, is born in Brookline, Massachusetts, a wealthy suburb of Boston. He is the second of Rose and Joseph Kennedy's nine children. Jack Kennedy begins high school at Choate, an elite boarding school in Connecticut. Despite his high intelligence and academic potential, Jack earns only mediocre grades. He attends and graduates Princeton University. He marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier and has Caroline, Patrick, John, and Arabella.