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Polk favored annexation of Texas while Clay was against the annexation of Texas.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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-the only American to serve as a governor in two states
-led Santa Anna and his Mexican army into a trap and killed 630 and captured 730 Mexicans at the alamo.

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Texans rebelled against Mexican rule and became known as the "Lone-Star Republic" due to the one star on its flag.

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The miners used cheap metal pans , picks, and shovels to harvest gold flecks from the sand along the banks and bottoms of rivers and streams

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-Held power in Mexico City
-Wanted centralized, authoritarian government while Anglo-Texans and Tejanos wanted more autonomy.

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"We have tried every effort fro reconsiliation... But now, after reiterated menaces, Mexico had passed the boaundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil."

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Thousand of Chinese men joined the fortune seekers from all over the world to join the gold fields in California. When the Mexicans lost to the Americans they made peace. The way they made peace was the with the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. With the treaty Mexico had to give up 1/3 of their country. The U.S. then made another purchase called the Gadsden Purchase. They obtained from mexico 29,640 square miles in Arizona and New Mexico. David Wilmot passed a law called Wilmot Proviso. It would ban slavery in any lands won from mexico.

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Texas was vulnerable to U.S. expansion due to its fertile land. It had a small Hispanic population known as Tejanos (to defend the province). Only 4,000 Tejanos lived in Texas in 1821.

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The new lands in the west seemed too distant for rapid settlement. But in early 1848, workers at John Sutter's sawmill found flecks of Gold in the American River east of Sacramento, California.

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Led American troops to occupy the contested borderland between the two rivers.

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American trappers who explored the Rock Mountains area in the early 1800s.

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A trail developed by traders in the mid-1800's, connecting Independence , Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico

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Americans led by Stephen F. Austin settled the town of Austin. The settlers raised corn, pigs, cows, and cotton. By 1835, about 30,000 Americans lived in Texas.

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Since the Spanish was lacking colonists they decided to try and convert  Indians to Christianity. Led by Juniperro Serra they led a series of missions in order to do so.