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1. What is chemical equilibrium?

2. What is Le Chatlier's principle?

3. Which three factors affect Le Chatlier's principle?

4. What does the Contact Process produce?

5. What does the Haber Process produce?

6. What do the letters in ICE stand for?

7. How many characteristics of equilibrium are there?

8. What is the Law of Mass Action?

9. What three things relate to a strong intermolecular force?

10. What three things relate to weak intermolecular force?

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Weaker intermolecular forces-
Lower enthalpy of vaporization

Higher vapor pressure

Lower boiling point.

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Stronger intermolecular forces-
Higher enthalpy of vaporization.

Lower vapor pressure

Higher boiling point

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The pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.

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The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. Platinum used to be the catalyst for this reaction; however, as it is susceptible to reacting with arsenic impurities in the sulfur feedstock, vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) is now preferred.

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Manufacture Of Sulphuric Acid By Contact Process

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The Haber Process combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (methane) into ammonia. The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic.

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Increase in pressure: Reaction shifts to the right.

Decrease in pressure: Reaction shifts to the left.

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Increase in temp: Reaction shifts to the left.

Decrease in temp: Reaction shifts to the right.

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Increase in concentration: Reaction shifts to the right.

Decrease in concentration: Reaction shifts to the left.

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chemical principle that states that if a system in equilibrium is disturbed by changes in determining factors, such as temperature, pressure, and concentration of components, the system will tend to shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance.

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"I" stands for the initial concentrations (or pressures) for each species in the reaction mixture.

"C" represents the change in the concentrations (or pressures) for each species as the system moves towards equilibrium.

"E" represents the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of each species when the system is in a state of equilibrium.

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The proposition that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants. It explains and predicts behaviors of solutions in dynamic equilibrium.

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The same equilibrium mixture will result under the same conditions, no matter whether the reaction is started with all reactants, all products, or a mixture of both.

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Refers to observable properties such as color and density; these do not change as they depend on the concentrations of the components in the mixture.

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Concentration of Reactants and Products Remain Constant

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Concentration of Reactants and Products Remain Constant

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They are being produced and destroyed at an equal rate.

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Prevents exchange of matter with surroundings, so equilibrium is still achieved where both reactants and products can react and recombine with each other.

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The reaction has not stopped; the forward and backward reactions are still occurring. (Same rate.)

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Chemical equilibrium exists when the forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the same rate.